木本植物物候相组合分类研究——以北京市植物园栽培树种为例

CLASSIFICATION OF PHENOPHASE COMBINATION OF WOODY PLANTS \_\_A Case Study of Cultivated Plants in the Beijing Botanical Garden

木本植物物候相的更替鲜明地显示出自然景观外貌及其色彩的季节变化 ,成为园林设计中不容忽视的重要因素。在植物造景工作中 ,恰当地运用木本植物的物候相变化及其组合特征进行配植 ,可以增添空间构图的韵律 ,显示时间演变的节奏 ,协调不同时段之间景观季相的匹配关系 ,从而表现景观的时间与空间之美。为此 ,本文利用多年的物候观测资料 ,依据木本植物的展叶、开花、叶变色和落叶等物候相出现日期的早晚 ,对北京市植物园的 70余种木本植物进行了物候相组合分类的研究。这一工作为比较客观地评价一个地区各种园林木本植物季相的观赏价值 ,认识其存在的主要问题 ,从物候学角度对造园木本植物材料进行类型划分 。

In this paper, more than 70 species of cultivated woody plants in the Bejing Botanical Garden have been classified according to the combination characteristics of occurrence dates of different phenophases including leaf emergence and leaf coloration, leaf emergence and all leaf shedding, leaf coloration and all leaf shedding, and first flowering and leaf emergence. This kind of plant classification has provided an useful procedure for objectively evaluating ornamental values of different woody plants in respect of the seasonal aspect. By selecting woody plants with specific phenophase combinations in the plant landscape making, the spatial and temporal rhythm of a landscape can be strengthened and the dynamic relationship between various seasonal aspects in the landscape can be harmonised, so that the aesthetic perception will be fully demonstrated.