一起家庭甲型H1N1流行性感冒暴发疫情流行病学调查

Epidemiological Survey on a Household Outbreak of Influenza A(H1N1)

目的调查分析一起家庭甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的原因和特征,为今后预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法对流感暴发家庭进行现场流行病学调查,采集患者咽拭子,采用荧光定量PCR方法检测甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸,根据调查结果分析甲型H1N1流感家庭暴发疫情特征,讨论甲型H1N1流感的发病规律和流行因素。结果本起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情为一起家庭甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情,4名家庭成员3人发病,其中1例死亡。结论本起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情主要是因家庭近距离密切接触传播引起,甲流H1N1病毒对某些患有基础性疾病的个体有较强的致病性,易感人群以青壮年为主,传染来源为社区感染后引入家庭,首发患者没有及时隔离治疗是造成家庭内暴发的主要原因。尽早发现与报告传染源,严格执行甲型H1N1流感患者居家隔离治疗措施,对于控制甲型H1N1流感传染源、切断传播途径,积极主动地预防控制疫情暴发流行,都是非常关键有效的防控措施。

Objective To investigate and analyze the causes and characteristics of a household outbreak of influenza A （H1N1）, so as to provide a scientific basis for future prevention and control. Methods Fidd epidemiological investigations were conducted on a family with an influenza A （H1N1） outbreak. Throat swabs were collected from the patients and nucleic acid of H1N1 influenza virus was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Characteristics of the household outbreak of influenza A （H1 N1 ） were analyzed and its oceu^ence regularity and epidemic factors were explored. Results This influenza A （H1 N1 ） epidemic was a household outbreak. Three out of four household members were diseased and one died. Conclusions The household outbreak of influenza A （HtN1） is mainly caused by close contact with household members. Influenza A （H1 N1） virus is more pathogenic to individuals with underlying diseases. Susceptible populations are mainly young people. Transmission is mainly through introducing community infection into family. The prior reason of the household outbreak is that the firs episode patient is not isolated and treated in time. Early detection and report of infection sources and strict implementation of household isolation and treatment measures are critical for controlling H1N1 influenza infection sources and cutting off the transmission path- ways.