新疆特色林果业资源时空分异规律研究

Study on temporal and spatial distribution rules of characteristic fruit industry resources in Xinjiang

选取具有代表性的苹果、香梨、葡萄、桃、杏、红枣等林果品种资源近60年统计数据,运用数理统计与空间分析的方法对其时空分异规律进行分析。新疆特色林果业资源在时间变化上,种植面积和产量总体呈逐年递增的趋势,但也存在阶段性波动变化的规律,以2000-2009年全疆各地州的林果业面积年变化率最大,且南北疆分布不均衡;在空间上,呈非地带性的条—带、块状分布,沿山麓—河流地带分布,沿盆地—绿洲分布等不同分布规律,从而形成了新疆特色林果业在空间分布上呈现大范围大杂集,小范围小聚集的不均衡性总特征。从时空分异规律分析上看,在极端干旱区发展林果业必须因地制宜,一方面要加强对林果业资源配置的区域性调控,以质促产,以品促效,另一方面强化林果业资源经济-环境效益整合,构建林果业经济-环境可持续、和谐发展格局,借助新疆地缘优势,凸现绿色,走无公害林果产品发展之路。

By selecting the data of typical resources of fruit,such as apple,pear,grape,peach,apricot,date and so on,we analyzed the temporal and spitial distribution rules of characteristic fruit industry in Xinjiang in the recent 60 years with mathematical statistics and spatial statistical analysis metheods.The results showed that the overall fruit acreage and production was increasing in recent years,but there were fluctuation changes in different period of time and the largest annual change rate occurred in 2000—2009,moreover there was uneven distribution in the southern and northern parts.Spatially,the characteristic fruit industry resources were distributed as the shapes of strip,belt and block along piedmonts,rivers,basins and oasis,presenting a general feature of imbalanced distribution like diversified collection on large range of area and single gathering on small range of area.When developing specialty fruit industry in extreme arid regions,measures should be taken to follow the rules of temporal and spatial variation of local conditions.On the one hand,readjustment and regulation should be strengthened of regional distribution of fruit industry resources to promote quality and efficiency instead of yield.While on the other hand,the integration of economic and environmental benefits should be consolidated to build a harmonious and sustainable development of fruit industry and environment.At last,the geographical advantages of Xinjiang should be utilized to develop green and pollution-free fruit products.