“文主武从”:社会心理的定势与政治传统的规制——文治传统与中国军政关系的精神皈依

Civilian Ruling with Military Supplement:the Social Psychology of Stereotype and Regulation of Political Traditions——The Spirit of Converts of the Sandwich Tradition of Civilian Master with Military Supplement and the Chinese Military and Political Relat

现在总是处于过去的掌心之中,世代承续的社会传统规制着人们的观念与行为。传统对当代中国社会的影响尤为深重,著名学者殷海光将中国人称之为被"古祖牵着手走的孩子"。中国自古以来就有着文人主政的文治传统。这一传统历经千余年的薪火相传,逐渐沉淀为华夏民族的心理定势。千百年以来,在国人的内心深处,视文人政权为正统,视军人政权为非法,国家由文人领导被看做是理所当然的事情,而军人当政则会被千夫所指。文人角色的历史定位铸就了"文主武从"的军政领导体制,它规制了中国军政关系的现实走势。"党指挥枪"是现代中国军事领导体制的指导原则,党对军队的领导既与中国的文治传统有着不约而同的精神会通,又契合中国社会的心理定势。

The present is always in the palm of the past. Social traditions inherited from generation to gen- eration regulates people＇s ideas and behaviors. The impact of tradition on contemporary Chinese society is particularly deep. The well-known scholar Yin Hai-guang call Chinese people children walking with ancient ancestors holding their hands . China since ancient times has traditional scholarly elite politics. Passing the torch of this tradition after more than a thousand years, this becomes the gradual precipitation of the mental set of the Chinese nation. Since thousands of years, the people, see the civilian power as or- thodox and the military regime as illegal and the state by the civilian leadership is seen as a matter of course, while if the soldiers came to power they will be condemned. The historical position of the role of the literati cast the text of civilian ruling with military supplement as the military and political system, and which regulates the reality of the trend of the Chinese military and political relations. The Party com- mands the gun is the guiding principle of modern Chinese military leadership system and the party leader- ship over the army is in common with the spirit of sandwiches tradition and also fit the mental stereotype of the Chinese society.