放归初期普氏野马家族群的变更及其管护意义

Change of Released Equus przewalskii Family and the Implication to their Management in Initial Period

本研究以我国放归野化的普氏野马家族群为观测对象,在2003年1月至2006年12月系统研究了该物种家族群变更的类型及其频次。结果表明,普氏野马家族群的变更类型有5种:1)头马更替、2)群体分裂、3)群体合并、4)家族群间个体变换、5)亚成体离群。头马更替和群体分裂主要发生于6～7月份,分别占该类变更总数的50%和66%;群体合并主要发生于6月、8月,占66%;家族群间个体变换主要发生于7月、10月和11月,占89%;亚成体离群主要发生于4月和5月,占75%。普氏野马家族群变更是该物种生物学特性与放归地环境共同作用的结果。依据本研究结果,作者提出了调整放归野马群体的年龄结构,改善放归地水源空间配置,进而维护放归普氏野马家族群的稳定性的管护措施。

The research on the types and frequency of family group changes of released Przewalski’s horse （Equus przewalskii） in initial period were conducted from January 2003 to December 2006. The results show that there are five types in this change： 1） stallion substitution, 2） group division, 3） group combination, 4） individual exchange among the family groups, 5） sub-adult secession. Stallion substitution and group division mainly occurred from June to July, accounted for 50% and 60% of all changes, respectively. Group combination usually occurred in June and August, accounted for 66%, individual exchange among the family group mainly occurred in July, October and November, accounted for 89%; sub-adult secession mainly occurred in April and May, accounted for 75%. The changes of Przewalski’s horse family were the results in combination of biological characteristics and the environmental factors. According to the research, the author suggest some management measures in order to maintaining the stability of released Przewalski’s horses family through adjustment of age structure of released horses, improvement of natural water source in number and space pattern in releasing place.