我国教师职业压力源研究考略

A Study on Researches of Teachers' Occupational Stress Sources in China

由于职业压力会对教师产生消极影响以及由此对教育造成危害,我国许多研究者着重探讨教师职业压力源,以便寻求对策解决问题。从目前对教师职业压力源的研究来看,研究者主要从三个方面认定职业压力源:社会因素、学校因素、个人因素。当然,影响职业压力的因素不是独立存在的,而是相互联系、共同作用于教师的,鉴于不同地区和不同个体特质,这些影响因素对个体影响的强弱是不同的。目前教师职业压力源研究存在的问题主要是:定性研究多,实证研究较为缺乏;测量工具缺乏针对性测查能力;横向研究多,纵向研究少;针对教师职业压力心理机制的研究欠缺。今后教师职业压力源研究应该着重解决这些问题。

Occupational stress often brings negative effect on teachers, which in turn jeopardizes education, so many researchers in China focus on exploring the sources of occupational stress on teachers in order to find a solution to the problem. A close look at the researches on teachers＇ occupational stress sources shows that researchers have so far probed into occupational stress sources from three aspects： social factors, school factors and individual factors. Naturally, these factors do not work independently; instead, they work together and assert influence on teachers. And as to how much they work on the individual, it depends on the individual＇s capacities. At present, the problems that exist in the studies on teachers＇ occupational stress sources are as follows： qualitative studies dominate the field and empirical studies are scarce; measurement instruments are not specifically designed; there are more cross - sectional studies there are few studies on the psychological mechanism of teachers＇ occupational focus of studies on teachers＇ occupational stress sources in the near future.