油菜茎秆抗压力学性能的分析与研究(英文)

Biomechanical Characteristics of Rape Stalks

[目的]为研究油菜茎秆生物力学性能与油菜茎秆倒伏之间的相关性。[方法]通过对四川农业大学油菜研究中心培育的4个不同品系的油菜茎秆进行轴向压缩试验,研究分析各品系油菜茎秆的最大承载力、最大抗压强度、弹性模量和惯性矩沿茎秆距地高度的变化规律,以及品系、含水率对油菜茎秆生物力学性能指标的影响。[结果]随着茎秆距地高度的增加,油菜茎秆最大载荷基本呈线性减小的趋势,最大值在距地50 cm以下。4个品系的茎秆的最大抗压强度和弹性模量均沿着距地高度的而增加,是增长缓慢,变化不大,可认为弹性模量基本不变;干油菜茎秆的最大承载力、最大抗压强度和弹性模量都高于湿茎秆,说明油菜茎秆的含水率显著影响其抗压力学性能;结合田间油菜的实际倒伏情况可知,1 号的生物力学性能最差,倒伏程度也最严重,6 号和 F5的生物力学性能比1号和9号要好,抗倒伏能力也更强。[结论]该研究为相关作物的机械化生产及其产品深加工等作业机械的设计提供设计参数和依据,能更好地揭示生物的物性本质,且该研究所用方法还能对茎秆作物优种筛选进行评价。

[Objective] To study the correlation between the biomechanical properties of rape stalks and rape stem lodging. [Method] Through axial compression tests to the stalks of 4 different rape varieties, the change rules of maximum stem bearing ca- pacity, maximum compressive strength, elastic modulus and moment of inertia along plant height were analyzed, as well as the effect of different varieties and water contents on the biomechanical property indices of rape stalks. [Result] The maximum loads of rape stalks presented liner decrease trend along with the increase of stem height, and all reached the maximums below the height of 50 cm. The maximum stem compressive strength and elastic modulus of the 4 varieties were increased with ascending height, but in a slow rate with small change, thus the modulus of e- lasticity could be considered as unchanged. The maximum bearing capacity, maxi- mum compressive strength and elastic modulus of dry rape stalks were higher than wet stalks, indicating that the water contents of rape stalks had significant effect on their mechanical properties. According to the actual lodging situations in filed, stalks of variety No. 1 owned the worst biomechanical properties and lodging degree, while the biomechanical properties of No. 6 and F5 were better than No. 1 and No. 9, and they also had stronger lodging-resistance. [Conclusion] The study provides parameters and bases for the design of mechanized production and mechanical deep processing of crops, and can better reveal the physical natures of organisms. The methods used in this study can also be used to screen excellent crop stalks.