山东中西部梨主产区施肥状况调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Fertilization Status in Pear Orchards of the Midwest Shandong Province

对山东省中西部地区5个梨主产县市梨园生产情况和养分管理现状进行调查和分析,结果表明:目前山东中西部梨主产区有机肥施用比例较高,但多数集中在春季施用。5个县中有机肥平均施用量最高的是历城区,每年为54.34 kg/株,最低的是滕州每年为31 kg/株。施用有机肥种类主要是鸡粪、圈肥、牛粪等,部分果农进行高温发酵腐熟后施用。化肥主要施用尿素和氮磷钾复合肥(15-15-15)。5个县中施用化肥量最高的是历城区,每株施用有效养分为2.63 kg,最低的是冠县,每株施用有效养分1.23 kg。根外追肥的种类以尿素、磷酸二氢钾、硼砂、钙肥为主。肥料稀释倍数多集中在300～600倍之间。梨农较普遍重视幼果期和果实膨大期喷肥。

The production and nutrient management status of pear orchards were investigated in 5 main counties of the midwest Shandong Province. The results showed that the organic fertilizer was used more in spring in most pear orchards, and Licheng district used the maximum organic fertilizer on average （54.34 kg per plant every year）, while Tengzhou used the minimum （31 kg per plant every year）. Chicken manure, barnyard manure and cow dung may be the main types of organic fertilizer and were partly used after fermentation under high temperature. The main used chemical fertilizers were urea and compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium （15 - 15 - 15 ）. The application amount of chemical fertilizer was the maximum （2.63 kg available nutrient per plant） in Licheng, while that was the minimum （ 1.23 kg available nutrient per plant） in Guanxian County, The main types of foliage spray were urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and calcium fertilizer, and they were mainly diluted between 300 -600 times. The foliage spray was paid more attention to in young fruit and fruit swelling periods.