雌雄乌鳢可食部分主要营养成分的比较分析

Comparative Analyses of the Main Nutritional Components in Edible Tissues of Male and Female Ophicephalus argus

对雌雄乌鳢可食部分进行了基本营养成分比较分析.结果表明:雌性乌鳢肌肉、性腺、鳔鲜样中粗蛋白(18.89%,27.54%,19.43%)显著高于于雄性(17.63%,23.30%,17.97%;P<0.05),皮肤粗蛋白含量显著低于雄性(P<0.05),而各可食部分的水分含量雌雄显著不差异(P>0.05);乌鳢各样品中均测出18种氨基酸,其中雌性乌鳢性腺和鳔的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、风味氨基酸总量均显著高于雄性(P<0.05),雌雄乌鳢肌肉氨基酸组成差异不显著(P>0.05);雌雄乌鳢皮肤氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但雌乌鳢皮肤必需氨基酸总量极显著低于雄性(P<0.01),风味氨基酸总量显著高于雄性(P<0.05);雌雄乌鳢肌肉、性腺均符合FAO/WHO营养评价理想模式,但皮肤、鳔不符合FAO/WHO对于膳食蛋白质营养评价理想模式.研究表明,乌鳢肌肉和性腺蛋白质的营养价值较高,皮肤和鳔的蛋白质营养价值较低.

The contents of nutritional composition were measured in edible tissues of male and female Ophicephalus argus. Sample fish were collected from Yuqiao Reservoir. The results showed that the contents of crude protein in fresh muscle, gonads and air bladder of female Ophicephalusargus （18. 89%, 27. 54%, 19.43%） were significantly higher than the male Ophicephalus argus＇s （17.63%, 23.30%,17.97%; P〈0.05）, but the contents of crude protein in the skin of female Ophicephalus argus was significantly lower than the male Ophicephalus argus ＇s; the contents of water in the edible tissues were no significant difference between female and male （P〉0.05）. There were 18 types of amino acids in both female and male Ophicephalus argus edible tissues. The contents of total amino acids, essential amino acids and flavour amino acids in the gonads and air bladder of female Ophicephalus argus were signifi- cantly higher than the male Ophicephalus argus＇ s（P〈0.05）, respectively; but there were no significant difference in muscle between female and male （P〉0.05）. The content of total amino acids in skin was no significant difference between female and male （P〉 0.05） ,but the contents of essential amino acids in female skin was very significantly lower than the male Ophicephalus argus＇s （P〈0. 01）, and the contents of flavour amino acids in female skin was very significantly higher than the male Ophicephalus argus＇s （P^0.05） ;the gonads and air bladder of male and female Ophicephalus argus amino acid content higher than the FAO/WHO, but the skin and muscle of male and female Ophicephalus argus amino acid content lower than the FAO/WHO. It was indicated that the muscle and gonads of male and female Ophicephalus argus were more nutritive, and the skin and air bladder were lower.