黄河三角洲潮间带底栖动物群落结构分析及环境质量评价

Community characteristics of macrozoobenthos and environmental quality assessment in intertidal zone of the Huanghe Delta

2010年5月与8月对黄河三角洲湿地7个潮间带断面的大型底栖动物进行了定量调查,研究了其物种组成、生物量、栖息密度、优势种等群落结构特征,并采用大型底栖动物污染指数(MPI)对该区域环境质量进行了评价。调查中共获得大型底栖动物33种,隶属于软体动物(16种)、甲壳动物(9种)、多毛类环节动物(4种)、鱼类(2种)和腕足动物(1种);优势度指数较高,群落优势种较为集中,主要为光滑河蓝蛤、彩虹明樱蛤、泥螺、托氏昌螺、短文蛤、拟沼螺、双齿围沙蚕、日本刺沙蚕和四角蛤蜊;栖息密度和生物量分别为692.30/m2和658.94 g/m2,因季节及环境状况差异而不同;由MPI评价结果可知,黄河三角洲湿地潮间带总体为清洁和轻度污染,环境质量良好。

In order to understand the community characteristics of macrozoobenthic fauna and environmental quality of tideland in inter- tidal zone of the Huanghe Delta , twice survey was made at 7 sections of the zone in May and August 2010, with the species composi- tion, biomass, inhabit density, dominant species and macrozoobenthos pollution index （MPI） value of macrozoobenthic fauna investi- gated, and the environmental quality analyzed. A total of 33 macrozoobenthos species were recorded, including 16 species Mollusc, 9 species Crustacea, 4 species annelid polychaete, 2 species fish and 1 species Brachiopoda. The dominance index was higher, and the dominant species were very concentrated as they consist of Potamocorbula laevis, Moerella iridescens, Bullacta exarata, Umbonium thomasi, Meretrix pethechialis, Assiminea sp. , Perinereis aibuhitensis, Neathes japonica and Mactra veneriformis. The inhabit density and biomass of macrozoobenthos were 692.30/m2 and 658.94 g/m2 respectively, and they were affected by season and the environ- mental conditions. The environmental quality assessed using MPI showed that the environmental quality of tideland in intertidal zone of the Huanghe Delta was clean and slightly polluted.