ICU气管插管患者基本需求及影响因素分析

Basic Needs of Intubated Patients in ICU and Its Influencing Factors

目的了解重症监护室气管插管患者的基本需求和交流障碍情况,并探讨影响患者基本需求的相关因素。方法选取ICU气管插管患者80例,在患者拔管3 d后对其气管插管期间的基本需求、交流障碍程度进行评估,对基本需求的影响因素进行多重线性逐步回归分析。结果本组气管插管患者基本需求标准分为53.38分,表示有中度基本需求,被关爱感和归属感是最主要的需求;交流障碍标准分为45.98分,有中度交流障碍。多重线性逐步回归分析结果显示,交流障碍、身体约束、气管插管史和文化程度4个因素是患者基本需求的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 ICU气管插管患者有中度的基本需求和交流障碍,患者的基本需求受交流障碍、身体约束及文化程度等因素影响。提示ICU护士需要提高其沟通技巧并减少对患者采用身体约束措施,尤其是对文化程度较低者,以满足患者的基本需求。

Objective To understand the basic needs and communication difficulties of intubated patients and to discuss influencing factors of patients＇ basic needs. Methods The data were collected by structured questionnaires and reviewing charts. A total of 80 intubated patients completed the interviews. Basic needs and communication difficulties of them and the influencing factors of their basic needs were described. Results Moderate basic needs and communication difficulties existed among intubated patients, with the standardized scores of 53.38 and 45.98. The sense of being loved and belonging was what intubated patients involved needed most. The basic needs of intubated patients could be significantly predicted by communication difficulties, physical restraints, intubation history and educational background （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The intubated patients in ICU are with moderate basic needs and communication difficulties. ICU nurses are suggested improving their communication skills to satisfy patients＇ basic needs.