应用跨理论模型对老年高血压患者健康教育的效果观察

Application of Transtheoretical Model in Health Education for Aged Hypertensive Patients

目的运用跨理论模型对社区老年高血压患者实施分阶段干预,评估干预效果,为实施高血压社区干预提供依据。方法随机抽取广州市番禺区某社区符合条件的老年高血压患者120例,随机分为干预组和对照组,干预组实施跨理论模型的分阶段干预,对照组实施常规的健康教育。干预前、干预后3个月、干预后6个月评估两组患者服药依从性、行为依从性、生活质量、血压。结果两组干预前基线资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后两组的血压、服药依从性、行为依从性、生活质量明显改善(P<0.05),但干预组改善程度比对照组更明显(P<0.05),且干预组的血压、服药依从性、行为依从性、生活质量有随时间延长而改善的趋势(P<0.05)。结论跨理论模型的分阶段干预能有效促进高血压患者的行为改变,提高患者的行为依从性,从而达到降压和提高生活质量的目的。

Objective To implement a phased intervention for aged hypertensive patients in the community with transtheoretical model and to assess intervention effects and provide evidence for community intervention of high blood pressure. Methods A total of 120 aged hypertensive patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. In intervention group, theoretical model of the phased implementation was applied, but in control group, conventional health education was conducted. Blood pressure, medication compliance, behavioral compliance and the quality of life before intervention, three months after and six months after the intervention were observed. Results The difference of baseline data of both groups before intervention showed no significant difference （P〉0.05） and after intervention, patients in both groups, particularly in intervention group showed improvement in blood pressure, medication compliance, behavioral compliance and the quality of life, which indicated statistically significant difference （P〈 0.05）. Conclusion The theoretical model of phased intervention can promote behavior change in patients with hypertension and improve patients＇ compliance of behavior and. eventually improve the quality of life of patients.