国际合作抑或金融监管——以胡佛与斯特朗对欧洲经济重建分歧为中心

International cooperation or financial supervision——research on discrepancy of European reconstruction between Hoover and Strong

作为1920年代美国经济外交的重要制订者和参与者,胡佛和斯特朗都支持美欧经济合作,并鼓励美国民间私人力量参与一战后欧洲的重建,但面对美国对外贷款及其带来的国内投机,二人的分歧也日益突出。胡佛和斯特朗之间分歧反映了他们在欧洲重建方面不同的利益诉求,其背后则是美国不同利益集团的矛盾和冲突。而这种分歧和冲突导致了美国国内的对外经济决策权力分散和碎化,缺乏有力的决策核心,使美国的对欧政策缺乏一致性和连续性,并自相矛盾。

As important American policy makers about economic diplomacy,Hoover and Strong both advocated cooperation between Europe and America and encouraged non-governmental organizations to join European reconstruction after the First World War.American external credit and national speculation fever being a problem to the country,however,the discrepancy between Hoover and Strong became increasingly conspicuous.At the back of the discrepancy between them lied the conflict among various interest groups in America embodying their different attitudes and interests,which brought about distraction of national power,lack of powerful policy center,making American policy of Europe lack of consistence,coherence and contradiction.