2009年自然低温下优质稻种质资源耐冷性初步鉴定评价

Preliminary identification and evaluation of high quality rice germplasm resources for cold tolerance under natural low temperatures during 2009

【目的】从供试水稻种质材料中筛选耐冷性强的优良种质,为水稻耐冷性研究和利用积累材料,为优质稻耐冷品种选育提供优良亲本。【方法】利用早春低温和晚稻寒露风自然低温条件,采用早播早植法及晚播晚植法,对458份优质稻种质资源材料分别进行发芽期、幼苗期和抽穗扬花期的耐冷性初步鉴定与评价。【结果】在458份优质稻种质资源材料中,发芽期、幼苗期、抽穗扬花期表现耐冷性极强和强的种质分别有21份、15和76份、5和80份,分别占鉴定份数的4.59%、3.28%和16.59%、1.48%和23.74%。不同种质在不同生育期耐冷性表现不完全一致,但发芽期耐冷性强的种质在幼苗期也表现较强的耐冷性。筛选出在自然低温条件下各生育期均表现强或极强耐冷性的优质稻种质6份,如TKM10、三粒寸、湘晚籼13号、恢968选、649/五大稻种//649///649、253/P117//253///253。【结论】利用自然低温条件,可初步区分不同生育期耐冷性强与弱的优质稻种质资源,其适合对大量稻种资源进行耐冷性筛选鉴定;筛选出的耐冷性极强或强的种质具有较好的应用价值。在不同生育期均表现强耐冷性的6份优质稻种质,可作为耐冷亲本材料在水稻的耐冷性研究及优质稻耐冷育种中加以利用。

[Objective ]The germplasm with strong cold tolerance was screened out from the tested rice germplasm to provide materials for application in breeding of cold tolerant rice varieties. [Method]Under natural low temperature conditions of early spring and cold dew wind at late rice cropping, 458 high quality rice germplasm resources were preliminary analyzed and evaluated for cold tolerance during sprouting, seedling, and flowering stages, using early sowing-early planting and late sowing-late planting methods. [Result]The germplasm number 21, 15 and 76, 5 and 80 showed very strong and strong cold tolerance at sprouting, seedling and flowering stage, which accounted for 4.59, 3.28 and 16.59, 1.48 and 23.74%, respectively. Cold tolerance of different germplasm at different growing stages was not entirely consistent, but the germplasm with strong cold tolerance at sprouting stage commonly showed stronger cold tolerance at seedling stage. Six specimens, viz., TKM10, Sanlicun, Xiangwanxian 13, Hui 968xuan, 649/Wudadaozhong//649///649 and 253/ P117//253///253 were screened out, which showed strong or very strong cold tolerance at several growing stages under natural low temperature. [Conclusion lThe high quality rice germplasm materials, with strong or weak cold tolerance, were distinguished under natural low temperature conditions. The germplasm with strong or very strong cold tolerance has fairly good application value. Six screened germplasm materials with strong or very strong cold tolerance at several growing stages under natural low temperature can be used as parent materials in research and breeding of cold tolerant rice varieties.