广西大明山土壤微生物数量及酶活性研究

Microorganism quantity and enzyme activity in soil of Guangxi Daming Mountain

【目的】探明土壤微生物数量及酶活性与土壤肥力的关系,为合理开发利用广西大明山土壤提供参考。【方法】按土壤发生分类法采集9种典型土壤类型的剖面样品,测定其微生物数量和酶活性,并与土壤性质进行相关性分析。【结果】土壤三大菌的数量为:细菌>放线菌>真菌;土壤微生物总数量总体以粗骨土最多,为88.53×105CFU/g,以草旬土最低,为8.87×105CFU/g;随土壤剖面深度的加深而呈下降趋势;土壤三大菌数量与土壤有机质、全N、全P、碱解氮、速效钾呈显著或极显著正相关,与土壤pH值、土壤全K呈显著或极显著负相关。土壤脲酶与蔗糖酶活性表聚现象明显,其活性随土壤剖面深度的加深而呈降低趋势;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶与有机质、全N、全P、碱解氮和速效钾呈极显著正相关,与pH值、全K呈极显著负相关。土壤过氧化氢酶除了与全K呈显著负相关外,与其他土壤性质不存在显著相关性。【结论】土壤微生物数量、土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均可作为评价大明山土壤性质指标。

[Objective ]Correlation among soil microorganism quantity, enzyme activity and its fertility were investigated for scientific exploitation of soils in Guangxi Darning Mountain. [ Method ]The microorganism quantity and soil enzymes were investigated in profile samples of nine typical soil types to analyze correlation among microorganism quantity, enzyme activity and soil property. [Result]The number of three soil microorganism was： bacteria 〉 actinomyces 〉 fungus. The quantity of microorganisms declined with deepening in soil profile. The quantity of bacteria, actinomyces and fungus in soils was significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter, total N, total P, alkaline hydrolytic N and rapidly available K, and extremely significantly negatively correlated with soil pH value and total K. Urease and sucrase activity of soil were obviously gathered in the upper layer, and declined with the deepening of soil profile. Urease and sucrase of soil were extremely significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter, total N, total P, alkaline hydrolytic N and rapidly available K, and extremely significantly negatively correlated with soil pH and total K. The catalase activity in soil was not found to be correlated with any other soil properties except extremely significantly negative correlation with soil total K. [Conclusions]The quantities of bacteria, actinomyces and fungus, total microorganism quantity, and soil＇s urease and sucrase activities may be considered as the indicators in judging soil fertility.