蝴蝶兰雄配子体发育观察

Development of male gametophytes in Phalaenopsis

【目的】观察蝴蝶兰雄配子体的发育过程,探讨蝴蝶兰雄配子体发育规律,为蝴蝶兰种质资源的收集与保存和杂交育种提供参考依据。【方法】将蝴蝶兰花粉块用改良FAA固定,爱氏苏木精整体染色,常规石蜡切片用显微镜观察雄配子体的发育过程。【结果】蝴蝶兰小孢子母细胞减数分裂形成的小孢子四分体有四面体形、左右对称形、交叉形和T形等多种类型,小孢子四分体联结在一起形成花粉小块,并由花粉小块聚集成花粉块。小孢子进行不对称有丝分裂形成1个小的生殖细胞和1个大的营养细胞。随着花粉发育,生殖细胞进入营养细胞的细胞质中,花粉成熟时生殖细胞呈梭形,营养核呈新月形。【结论】蝴蝶兰为二细胞型花粉,花葶基部花蕾的花粉块可作为杂交育种授粉材料。

[Objective]The development of male gametophytes in Phalaenopsis was studied in order to collect and preserve Phalaenopsis hybrids. [Method]Pollinia at different parts of scapes in Phalaenopsis were taken, fixed in FAA solution, stained in Ehrlich＇s haematoxylin, and then passed through a routine procedure of paraffin method. [ Result ]The microspore tetrads meiotically formed from pollen mother cell meiosis were tetrahedral, isobilateral, decussate, T-shaped and remained in massulae, which formed pollinia. The mitosis of the microspore was unequal and resulted in the formation of two unequal cells. The small one was the generative cell and the large one, the vegetative cell. With the development of pollen, the generative cell migrated into the cytoplasm, of the vegetative cell. When the pollens were matured, the genera- tive cell was spindle-shaped and the vegetative nucleus was crescentic. [Conclusion]The mature pollen grains of Phalaenopsis were 2-celled and pollinias of the basal buds were also very good source for pollination.