海南地区红掌佛焰苞“绿耳”发生的生理原因

The Physiological Cause of“Green Ear”of Anthurium Spathe at Hainan Island

针对海南地区秋冬季露天栽培的红掌佛焰苞耳部变绿（俗称＂绿耳＂）的问题,对比研究了不同季节佛焰苞发育过程中的颜色及相关的生理变化。结果表明：9月至翌年2月,佛焰苞耳部颜色变绿,其颜色参数a＊明显低于3~8月颜色正常季节;总花青素苷、总黄酮、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和钾含量总体上低于颜色正常季节;而叶绿素含量及发育前期的PPO活性高于正常季节。推测导致佛焰苞颜色变绿的直接因素是其中花青素苷和叶绿素的合成比例发生了变化,间接生理原因可能是可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量不足,阻碍了花青素苷合成,同时又受到PPO的降解作用,总花青素苷含量下降,而佛焰苞中氮元素积累量较多,更有利于叶绿素的合成,出现＂绿耳＂。

As the color of anthurium spathes turn green seasonally during the cultivation in Hainan island,the changes of color and the related physiological factors of the spathes during the development in two periods（normal and green）were compared. The results showed that in green season,the color parameter a＊ in the ear part of spathe was significantly lower than that in normal season;The contents of total anthocyanins,total flavonoids,soluble protein,soluble sugar,and mineral element potassium were generally lower than normal;the chlorophyll content and PPO activity in early developmental stage were higher than normal. We speculated that the changes of the anthocyanin/chlorophyll content ratio directly caused the spathe turning green. While in the physiological level,the shortage of soluble protein and sugar hindered the anthocyanin synthesis. Meanwhile,due to the degradation activity of PPO,anthocyanin content decreased. Thus,spathes had to increase the synthetic amount of chlorophyll in order to supply thephotosynthesis products,the green tone of spathe presented. And the accumulation of nitrogen in spathe was benefit for the chlorophyll synthesis.