从阿尔茨海默病新诊断指南看轻度认知功能损害概念的变化

Change of mild cognitive impairment concept： understanding from the new diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer＇s disease

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是以认知功能损害为突出表现的神经系统退变性疾病。轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）是认知功能低于同龄及文化背景的正常人但未达到痴呆程度的认知功能损害状态，被认为是痴呆、特别是AD的危险因素。临床及流行病学的研究表明MCI存在着异质性，有关MCI的概念及转归一直存在争论。随着对AD痴呆前阶段的关注，有必要了解MCI的含义及其变化。本文复习了MCI概念的提出、定义及其内容上发生的变化，并介绍了新的NIA—AD工作组AD诊断指南。

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is a neurodegenerative illness characterized by a profound impairment of cognitive function. Mild cognitive impairment （MCI） is characterized by a less severe level of cognitive impairment but with no dementia. MCI has been presumed to be a high-risk for developing dementia, especially AD. Actually, there have been disputes on definition and clinical outcome of MCI. Heterogeneity in the term MCI was demonstrated by both clinical and epidemiological researches. As the ＂pre-dementia＂ phase of AD draws more and more attention from researchers, it is essential to understand the changes in definition of MCI. This paper reviewed the changes in concept of MCI, and introduced the new diagnostic criteria of AD proposed by the National Institute （U.S.） Aging-Alzheimer＇s disease workgroup.