高产小麦氮磷钾营养机理和需肥规律研究

Study on Nutrient Mechanism of N P K Fertilizer and Its Absorbed Law of Winter Wheat with High Yield

高产小麦吸收氮素规律呈现“M”型 ,两个高峰出现在分蘖期和拔节期 ,磷和钾吸收量随生育进程逐步平稳增加 ,高峰出现在中后期。根据氮、磷、钾养分日吸收力和强度比判断 ,氮的临界期在分蘖期 ,磷和钾肥在小麦返青前 ,氮素最大效率期在孕穗 -成熟 ,磷和钾在拔节后。所以 ,高产小麦氮素追肥应采取“前轻 (分蘖轻 )后重 (拔节—孕穗重 )中控 (越冬—拔节期控 )”的“M”型追肥法 。

The uptaking nitrogen law of winter wheat with high yield appeared 'M' model, there were two high peaks in tillering stage and jointing stage of winter wheat development, but absorbing quantity of phosphorus and potassium steadily increased with wheat growth and development ,its high peaks occurred in middle-later stage of wheat development. According to evaluation of absorbing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium quantity per day from per hectare soil and uptaking intensity ratios, nitrogen nutrient critical stage came in wheat tillering stage, and the same stage of phosphorus and potassium appeared ahead of wheat reviving stage; the highest efficiency of nitrogen absorbed was in booting-ripening stage, and the same of phosphorus and potassium were in wheat jointing latter stage. Therefore, nitrogen dressing in high yield wheat field must applied with the method of light dressing in tillering stage, heavy dressing in jointing-spike formation stage and moderate dressing in over winter stage-jointing stage.