湘油13号高产栽培综合农艺措施优化分析

Optimun Analysis of High Yield Technology of Xiangyou13

以栽培密度、基肥、苗肥、腊肥、薹肥等为参试因子 ,采用五元二次回归正交旋转组合设计 ,对双低优质油菜湘油 1 3号高产栽培综合农艺措施进行了研究 .结果表明 :(1 )各因子对产量增减作用的大小依次为腊肥、苗肥、基肥、薹肥、密度 ;平均变幅值大小依次为 ,基肥、腊肥、苗肥、密度、薹肥 .(2 )经计算机模拟寻优 ,在高产优化农艺方案中 ,每公顷栽培密度要求 1 8～ 2 2 .5万株 ,基肥要求 30 0～ 45 0 kg,腊肥要求 6 0～ 75 kg,占总追肥的 6 0 %左右 ,为苗肥的 2倍 ,薹肥的 3倍多 ,目标产量要求愈高 ,优化方案中要求的薹肥量就愈少 .(3)因子交互作用分析显示 ,高密度低肥料和高肥料低密度均能获得高产 。

Taking orthogonal conic substitution regression design as test method,plant density (plant·hm -2 ),base fertilizer,seedling fertilizer,mid December fertilizer and fertilizer applied in stem extension or pre flowering (FASE) were studied numerically and synthetically. The results indicated that: (1) The effects on yield by the 5 factors decreased in the following order:mid December fertilizer,seedling fertilizer,base fertilizer,FASE,and plant density,while average variation decreased in this order base fertilizer,mid December fertilizer,seedling fertilizer,plant density,and FASE;(2) The optimal combination of farming practices for high yield obtained by computer simulation suggested that plant density was (18～22.5)×10 4,base fertilizer was 300～400 kg/hm 2,mid December fertilizer was 60～75 kg/hm 2,the last of which was equal to 60% of top application,2 times of seedling fertilizer,over 3 times of FASE. What's more,the higher the output demanded,the less the FASE needed;(3) The interaction among the factors suggested that high yield could be obtained by way of higher plant density and less base fertilizer,or larger base fertilizer and lower plant density. But the former was the most effective farming measure for high yield.