硝酸银诱导雌性黄瓜产生两性花的效应及其应用研究

Cucumber Perfect Flowers Induced by Silver Nitrate and Their Applying Value

研究了硝酸银对雌性黄瓜产生两性花的诱导效应 ,对其在育种中应用的可能性进行了探讨 ,结果表明 :当硝酸银质量浓度高于 1 0 0 mg/L时 ,两性花和雄花的数量没有明显差异 ,诱导雌性株产生两性花的适宜质量浓度为2 0 0～ 2 5 0 m g/L ;在 3～ 4叶期处理黄瓜植株能在较低节位有效地诱导两性花 ,利于留种 ;硝酸银诱导的两性花及其果实皆明显小于单雌花及其果实 .两性花隔离后不进行人工辅助授粉的座果率为 6 7% ,其中有 6 0 %的果实有发育正常的种子 ;选择雄蕊将柱头基本包裹的两性花自由授粉 ,种子的纯度可达 86 .4% .利用两性花控制或自由授粉可以简化黄瓜雌性系选育和繁育程序 ,降低育种成本 。

The effects of silver nitrate inducing cucumber perfect flower and its applying value in breeding were studied in this experiment.The results showed that,when the concentration of silver nitrate was above 100 mg/L,the perfect flowers and male flowers had no obvious difference in quality, but at the level of 200~250 mg/L,the results were stable. At 3 leaf and 4 leaf stage,perfect flowers could be induced at very low joint. The perfect flowers and their fruits were obvioushy smaller than the female flowers and their fruits respectively. When the perfect flowers were isolated and with no hand pollination the fruit setting rate of them was 67%,in which 60% had well developed seeds. The purity of seed could reach 86.4% by spontaneous pollination on the perfect flowers whose stamens wrapped up stigmas.Furthermore,we could conclude from our results that using perfect flowers to pollinate either artificially or freely can simplify the procedure of cucumber female strains selection and propagation,lower breeding investment and improve selection results.