辽宁北部地区土地沙漠化及其防治对策

Soil desertification and countermeasures of preventive treatment in northern liaoning

科尔沁沙地日益加剧的土地沙漠化进程 ,已成为辽宁北部地区农牧业经济发展的主要灾害因素 ,并对沈阳等重工业城市生态环境构成严重威胁。辽宁省沙漠化土地面积约 2 0 .13万hm2 ,主要分布在北部的康平、彰武、法库、昌图和西部的阜新、北票等地区。其中受科尔沁沙地影响而形成的风沙地占沙漠化面积的 80 %以上。调查结果表明 ,由于沙漠化的危害造成土壤结构发生变化 ,土壤中细粒物质减少 ,粗大粒级物质增多 ,形成地表粗化过程。有机质含量从沙化初期的 1.4 0 2 %减少到 0 .4 12 % ,到严重沙漠化阶段可减少到 0 .0 95%。调整土地结构、优化土地利用模式 ;恢复与营造人工植被、建立绿色生态屏障 ;控制人口增长、改变能源结构 。

Soil desertification process that aggravated increasingly in Horqine sandy land has already become the main disasterous factors for economic development of agriculture and animal husbandary in northern Liaoning,and constituted a threat to the ecological environment of Shenyang and other heavy industry cities.The area of soil desertification was approximately 201 300hm 2,distributed mainly over Kangping,Zhangwu,Faku and Changtu in northern Liaoning and Fuxin and Beipiao in western Liaoning and other regions.Among the total area of soil desertification,wind-drift lands that formed by the influence of Horqine sandy lands constituted more than 80%.The investigation results showed that soil structure changed because of endangering of desertification,fine granular matter decreased in soil and coarsely granular matter increased,resulted in coarsening process of the soil surface.The content of organic matter decreased in early stage of desertification from 1.402% to 0.412%,and might decrease to 0.095% in serious desertification stage.So the effective countermeasures to prevent the desertification in northern parts of our province should be that adjusting land structure and optimizing the utilization models of land,recovering and planting vegetation and building green ecological protective screen,controlling over population growth and changing energy structure.