变声期嗓音的声学特征分析

Analysis of Mutation Acoustic Feature

目的分析变声期各年龄段嗓音声学特点和差异。方法 1 028例变声期无嗓音疾病的青少年根据年龄分为三组,变声前期组(10～12岁)259例,男127例,女132例;变声中期组(13～16岁)467例,男234例,女233例,该组再分为A组(发声轻度沙哑、音调不稳定者,男66例,女70例)和B组(无明显发声沙哑、音调稳定者,男168例,女163例);变声后期组(17～20岁)302例,男122例,女180例。采用美国Kay公司多维嗓音分析软件,比较各组发长元音/α:/的基频(F0)、基频微扰(jitter)、振幅微扰(shimmer)、振幅扰动商(APQ)、噪/谐比(NHR)。结果各年龄段男女间F0差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),F0的正常参考值:变声前期男性为270.90±27.39,女性为287.54±25.51;变声中期A组男197.74±43.09,女259.54±25.99;B组男178.38±46.75,女254.91±22.24;变声后期男148.97±25.08,女255.45±25.01。除A组外,其余组Jitt值女性均高于男性(P<0.05),变声中期组中同性别NHR值A组高于B组(P<0.05)。结论从变声前期开始嗓音F0即出现性别差异,均为女性高于男性;NHR无性别差异,但可作为衡量变声中期嗓音质量的重要指标。

Objective To analysis the voice characteristics and differences between genders and ages of mutation period. Methods The voice samples were collected from 1 028 subjects that during the mutation period without voice disorders.They were divided into three groups according to the age：127 male and 132 female aged between 10~12 years in the premutation group,234 male and 233 female aged between 13~16 years in the mutation group,122 male and 180 female aged between 17~20 years in the post mutation group.The objective parameters,including fundamental frequency（F0）,jitter,shimmer,amplitude perturbation quotient（APQ） and noise to harmonic ratio（NHR） were measured mainly on a sustained vowel / ɑ：/ were recorded on a windows software named Kay. Results The values of F0 were different significantly between male and female.The normal reference values of F0： the premutation period： male 270.90±27.39,、female 287.54±25.51;group A of mutation period： male 197.74±43.09,female 259.54±25.99;group B： male 178.38±46.75,female 254.91±22.24;postmutation period： male 148.97±25.08,female 255.45±25.01.Jitt had obvious difference（P0.05） between male and female of the same age in addition to the group A.The values of female were greater than that of male.NHR had obvious difference（P0.01） between the group A and the group B of the same sex in the mutation period.The values of the group A were greater than that of the group B. Conclusion From the premutation period F0 had a significant difference between male and female.Although NHR showed no gender differenes,it was an important parameter to judge the vioce feature.