闪电电场变化测量仪研究

Research of the lightning electric field change meter

分析了现有闪电电场变化测量仪存在的不足之处,提出了采用一台测量仪同时获得闪电电场快、慢变化特性的技术方案,通过对测量仪天线、电路、传输方式的优化,大大降低了系统的复杂程度,提高了可靠性;采用全介质光缆传输信号,可避免在信号传输过程中因电磁耦合带来的干扰;采用系统函数逆变换反演被测电场时域特性,既可省去一套专测电场慢变化的仪器,且弥补了以往"电场慢变化测量仪"性能的不足.测量结果表明,快变化测量系统的测量带宽为80Hz～87.5MHz.采用研制成的电场变化测量仪对自然闪电进行多次测量后,将反演运算得到的波形与实测波形对比,验证了所提方案的可行性和技术上的先进性.

Some disadvantages of the existing lightning electric field change meter are analyzed.Brand new concept of using one set of lightning electric field change meter to get both the slow and fast changes information of the lightning is provided.By optimizing the antenna,the circuit and the transmission method,the instrument is greatly simplified while the stability is improved.Fiber is used to transmit the signal to avoid the electromagnetic interference during the transmission process.System function is used to figure out the total change waveform of the lightning,so a single set of instrument could replace the traditional ＇fast＇ and ＇slow＇ antennas.Moreover,it avoids some flaws of the ＇slow＇ antenna.Calibration experiment shows that the bandwidth of the new system is 80 Hz～87.5 MHz.The new instrument has been used to measure the electric field change of the natural lightning.The feasibility of the concept and the advantages of the technique are proved by the comparison between the calculated waveform and the measured waveforms.