1990-2010年青海高原终宿主动物棘球绦虫感染与儿童棘球蚴病的相关研究

Correlation between definitive hosts of Echinococcus and echinococcosis in children in Qinghai plateau,China,1990-2010

目的分析1990-2010年青海高原不同地形区终宿主动物棘球绦虫感染情况和2000-2010年儿童棘球蚴病患病和感染情况,探讨其相互关系。方法终宿主动物感染调查按寄生虫形态学方法鉴定虫种;以影像学和免疫学方法对儿童棘球蚴病病例进行评价。结果青海高原的青南高原区、祁连山地-河湟谷地区、柴达木盆地区3种不同地形区均存在犬细粒棘球绦虫的感染,其感染率分别为38.7%(300/775)、49.6%(124/250)、9.8%(4/41),仅在青南高原发现犬中多房棘球绦虫的感染,其感染率达16.0%(98/611);青南高原和祁连山地-河湟谷地两地形区狐狸多房棘球绦虫感染率分别为22.9%(38/166)和30.8%(12/39);青南高原和祁连山地-河湟谷地捕获的狼有细粒棘球绦虫的感染,但未发现多房棘球绦虫的感染。3种不同地形区6～15岁儿童棘球蚴病患病率分别为2.3%(269/11 618)、0.6%(50/8 275)、0.1%(1/837),其血清阳性率分别为9.5%(707/7 453)、3.8%(289/7 544)、3.7%(28/765);青南高原的儿童棘球蚴病患病率和血清阳性率明显高于祁连山地-河湟谷地和柴达木盆地。结论青海高原各地形区的犬普遍存在棘球绦虫感染,儿童患细粒和多房棘球蚴病的感染压力主要来源于犬。

The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between definitive hosts of Echinococcus and the infec- tion of echinococcosis in children in different zones of Qinghai plateau, namely Qinghai southern plateau, Qilian mountain-He- huang valley and Qaidam Basin. Prevalence of echinococcosis in definitive hosts was identified by morphological observation on autopsy. The children with echinococcosis infection were detected by B-Ultrasound and ELISA. Prevalence of dogs infected with Echinococcus granulosus were 38.71% （300/775）, 49.6% （124/250）, and 9.76% （4/41） in Qinghal southern plateau, Qilian mountain area and Qaidam Basin, respectively. While only in Qinghai southern plateau, dogs were found to be infected with Eehinococcus multilocularis with a prevalence of 16.04% （98/611）. Prevalence of the foxes infected with Echinococcusmultilocularis were 22.89 % （38/166） and 30.77 % （12/39） in Qinghai southern plateau and the region of Qilian mountain-He- huang valley. In these two places, wolves were found to be infected with Echinococcus granulosus, however, no Echinococcus multilocularis was found. Prevalence rate of children aged between 5-16 years with echinococcosis was 2.32% （269/11 618）, 0.6% （50/8 275）, 0.12% （1/837）, while sera positive rate of those children was 9.49% （707/7 463）, 3.83% （289/7 544）, and 3, 66% （28/765） in Qinghai southern plateau, Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Qaidam Basin, respectively. The prev- alence and sera positive rates of Qinghai southern plateau were the highest in Qinghai plateau, and the significant difference was found between Qinghai southern plateau and Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley. The results suggest that children with echinoeoc- cosis are correlated with the infection degree in dogs infected with Echinococcus. The dogs infected with Echinococcus multiloc- ularis have significant influence on the transmission of children infected with alveolar eehinoeoeeosis in Qinghai southern plat- eau.