中国近年来水资源利用效率的省际差异:技术进步还是技术效率

The Provincial Differences of China's Water Use Efficiency in Recent Years:Technological Progress or Technical Efficiency

水资源可持续利用是我国经济社会发展的战略问题,其核心是提高水资源利用效率。本文使用2003年-2009年中国30个省区的面板数据,选取基于投入导向的DEA模型,测算出各省全要素水资源利用效率,通过Ma-lmquist指数测算出技术效率、技术进步和全要素生产率,再将面板数据分区域对技术效率和技术进步对水资源利用效率的影响进行分析。研究结果表明:我国近年来水资源利用效率变化的分界点出现在2007年,东部、中部和西部地区的水资源利用效率依次递减;技术进步和技术效率的增长都可导致水资源利用效率的改善,但技术进步由于回弹效应使得影响值较小;技术进步对中部地区水资源利用效率提高最为明显,而对西部地区效果较差。

Sustainable use of water resource is a strategic issue of China＇ s economic and social development and its core is to improve water use efficiency. Using the panel data of China＇ s 30 provinces during 2003-2009, this paper has calculated the total-factor water use efficiency by selecting input-oriented DEA model, and the technological progress, technical efficiency and TFP by Malmquist. Besides, it has investigated the influences of technological progress and efficiency on water use efficiency in different areas. The results are as follows： the cut-off point of water use efficiency change in recent years appeared in 2007 and water use efficiency is the highest in eastern region, followed by central region and last is the western region; technological progress and technical efficiency growth can lead to the improvement of water use efficiency, but technological progress makes a relatively small impact because of rebound effect; technical efficiency growth has led to more substantial improvement in water use efficiency mainly due to the positive effects of pure technical efficiency and allocative efficiency; technological progress makes most effective effect on water use efficiency improvement in central region while less effective effect in the western region. From the above conclusions, we can draw some useful and important policy recommendations; 1） Deal cautiously with the decomposition of water-saving goals. The controlling red line of water use efficiency in the coming years has been made by central government in China, but due to big differences in China＇s regional economic development and technical level, the relative efficiency of water resource also has great gaps in different regions. Therefore, we should decompose the water-saving goals based on the actual situation of different regions＇ water use efficiency and avoid ＂one size fits all＂ phenomenon; 2） Pay full attention to the influences of technological progress, resource allocation, management level and level of price on water use efficiency. Government should increase the investment in technology, encourage technological innovation and reform water price so as to meet the economic and social development requirements for water use efficiency.