耕地细碎化及其对粮食生产技术效率的影响——基于超越对数随机前沿生产函数与农户微观数据

The Effects of Land Fragmentation on Technical Efficiency of Food Production:An Empirical Analysis Based on Stochastic Frontier Production Function and Micro-Data of Households

农户作为农业的直接生产者,其生产技术效率的高低直接影响到粮食的产出。本文基于安徽丘陵地区粮食作物种植农户的问卷调查数据,通过建立超越对数随机前沿生产函数,分析了粮食生产技术效率及其损失的影响因素,重点考察了耕地细碎化对技术效率的影响。研究结果表明:农户农业生产技术效率仅为77.97%,效率损失严重;丘陵地区粮食生产中已出现劳力投入过剩现象,而耕地的细碎化现状又使农机使用处于"进退维谷"状态;土地质量是影响农业产出的关键因素之一,因此,有必要增加农业基础设施投入以提高农田质量;耕地细碎化不利于农户农业生产技术效率的提高,农户的农业生产技术效率随着地块面积的增大而增大;在丘陵地区进行农地整理项目规划设计时,应该尽可能使其地块面积在0.1hm2以上,此时效率水平较高。

As the direct producer of agriculture; rural households＇ production technology efficiency level directly affects the grain output. The system of rural land contracted management, which stipulates average distribution of land, leads directly to the serious land fragmentation phenomenon. Land fragmentation which blocks the process of agricultural mechanization and the promotion of agricultural technology, is bound to affect the rural households＇ production technology efficiency. Using the questionnaire data from the hilly region of Anhui Province, this paper has established a stochastic frontier approach in the framework of a Trans-log production function by which the technical efficiency of food production and its influencing factors of loss were analyzed deeply and the effect of land fragmentation on technical efficiency was also inspected as a key point. The results show that： 1） The agricultural production technical efficiency is only 77.97% and has large room for technical efficiency enhancement; 2） Land fragmentation can influence rural households＇ farmland input behavior, and finally affect the benefits of cultivated land output; 3） In hilly areas, the appearance of surplus-labor input is very obvious in grain production, and land fragmentation causes a dilemma for the use of agricultural machinery; 4） To a certain extent, the subsidy policy of grain production can improve the efficiency of agricultural technology, but the effect is limited. Therefore, we should not only increase agricultural subsidies, but also should pay more attention to the formulation of beneficial farming policy; 5） Land quality is one of the key factors affecting the agricultural output, therefore, it is necessary to increase agricultural infrastructure investment to improve farmland quality; 6） Land fragmentation is bad for the technical efficiency of agricultural production and rural households＇ technology efficiency gets higher with the increase of land area; 7） If not limited by the natural, social and economic conditions, we should try to make the block area larger than 0.1hm^2 on which technical efficiency of agricultural production is higher during planning and design of farmland consolidation in hilly areas.