基于空间可达性分析的客家民系迁移路径模拟

Simulation of the migration routes of Hakka based on spatial accessibility

以人地关系为视角,引入空间可达性的概念,探讨赣闽粤交界地区客家先民迁移路线的选择与所处的自然环境和社会历史背景之间的关系。利用GIS技术建立地形和古交通通道数据库,分别构建栅格与矢量数据结构最优路径模型,分析了客家民系迁移路径选择与空间可达性的关系。结果表明:可达性分析结果与客家民系的空间分布拟合的较好,受迁移时期的生产力水平限制,高大山脉、隘口等地形因素对迁移路线影响巨大,自然、社会、历史因素共同影响客家民系迁移及分布格局,赣州、长汀、梅州等"客家首府"城市位于所模拟的最优迁移路径上。

The Hakka people＇s migration and the formation of their unique culture cover a large extent of space and time.The temporal,physical and social background had great impact on the migration routes and the distribution of the Hakka settlements,representing the unique man-land relationship. From the perspectives of human geography and anthropogeography,the paper introduces quantitative methods and a GIS platform into the Hakka migration research,which was usually analyzed qualitatively by social scientists.The focus is the accessibility of the major Hakka settlement area——the overlapped region of Jiangxi（Gan）,Fujian（Min）,and Guangdong（Yue or Canton） provinces,where three cities（Ganzhou,Changting and Meizhou） are considered as the ＂Capital＂ of the Hakka people.A GIS database of Hakka migration has been established with landforms and ancient road information.Subsequently,the optimal migration route was analyzed and modeled based on both raster and vector data.The accessibility analysis result corresponds with the actual distribution of Hakka settlements.It is indicated that the landforms including high mountains and narrow paths greatly affected the migration route selection and the final spatial settlements of the Hakka ancestors in the social and cultural settings in an agricultural society with relatively low technological level.The analysis result also explains why the three cities are located on the optimal path of the migration as a good example of the unique man-land relationship mentioned above.In the enclosed mountainous areas,the Han Culture brought by the Hakka ancestors was integrated with the native culture and formed a unique system of Hakka language,culture,customs,and mentality.The formation of this man-land relationship was a long-term and complicated process involved with political and economic factors as well as ethnic fusion,which needs to be further analyzed in the future research.