绿叶挥发物代谢调控及分子机理研究进展

Progress in Research on the Metabolic Regulation and Molecular Mechanism of Green Leave Volatiles(GLVs)

植物处于复杂的自然环境中,常受到植食性昆虫、病原菌及机械损伤等生物或非生物的侵害并造成植物的局部伤害,从而启动复杂的防御反应。释放绿叶挥发物(green leaf volatiles,GLVs)是植物防御性反应之一。绿叶挥发物是植物不饱和脂肪酸经过Oxylinpins生化途径中的脂氧合酶(LOX)和脂氢过氧化物裂解酶(HPL)催化而形成的一类C6和C9醛、醇及其相应的酯类。作为启动植物防御机制的信号分子,这类挥发性物质通过长距离的气态传输在植物与病原菌、植物与植食性昆虫、植物自身和相邻的植物之间起作用,从而介导防御性反应。研究其生化途径及其调节机理,对探索其对病虫害的直接、间接防御、改善作物风味品质及抗病新种质创制起着非常重要的作用,且对园艺植物甚至农林生态系统中作物病虫害综合治理策略的制定具有重要的指导意义。该文综述了绿叶挥发物合成的生化途径及其作为信号转导物质的作用机制,并阐述了绿叶挥发物在植物抗逆方面的生理作用及其应用前景。

Plants are always attacked by herbivores,pathogens and sometime suffer mechanical wounding in complicated environments,and then the lesions are caused and the complex defensive responses are induced.One of the defensive responses is releasing the green leaf volatiles（GLVs）.The green leaf volatiles（GLVs） of plants are the C6 aldehydes,alcohols and their esters which are usually formed from polyunsaturated fatty acid catalyzed by lipoxygenase（LOX） and hydroperoxide lyase（HPL） in the oxylinpins pathway.The green leaf volatiles are important signaling moleculars,which introduce defensive responses between plants and pathogens,plants and herbivores,within plants and between neighbor plants.It is very important to study the metabolic pathway and the regulatory mechanisms of GLVs for probing into the direct or indirect defenses to pathogens and insects,improving the flavor of crop and increasing the new resistant germplasm.It is also very important to guide the strategy of integrated controlling of crop diseases and pest insects in agro-forestry ecosystems.