逻辑语法视角下“是”的同一性问题

The identicality of shi from the perspective of logical grammars

本文运用逻辑语法综合考察"是"的句法、语义和语用。围绕现代汉语究竟有几个"是",即"是"的同一性这个核心问题,文章重点考察"是"的逻辑语义值、"是"字句的语义生成以及"是"的形式语用特征。研究发现,"是"在句法和语义层面上不具备同一性,在词库里记为五个不同的词条,其同一性表现在语用层面;它是一个显性声言算子,其辖域小于焦点算子。

This paper makes a comprehensive study of the syntax,semantics and pragmatics of shi from the perspective of logical grammars.It aims to tackle the classic problem of how many shi's there are in Mandarin Chinese,i.e.the identicality of shi,by exploring its logical semantics,generating the semantics of shi-sentences,and examing the formal pragmatics of shi.This paper argues that syntactically and semantically there is no identical shi:it is recorded as five entries in the lexicon.However,a pragmatically identical shi is found,and it is an explicit assertion operator with its scope narrower than that of a focus operator.