政策问题建构线性模式及其解构

Linear Constructive Model and Its Deconstruction for Policy Issues

与工业社会相适应,政策问题建构模式体现为一种线性模式。线性模式体现为四个方面:一是贯穿于政策问题建构过程的力的方向单一,二是政策问题建构的主体隔离,三是政策问题建构的价值单一,四是政策问题建构固定为政策阶段论的一个环节。随着后工业社会复杂性与不确定性的快速增长,政策问题建构的线性模式被解构了。自上而下的决策流程无法真实、准确地建构政策问题;社会问题的高度复杂性对碎片化管理提出了质疑;单一理性主义受到挑战;政策阶段论也被迫宣布解体。与后工业社会相适应,社会治理的机制导向应转向服务导向,政策问题建构的合作模式成为更符合情境的模式。

By adapting to the industrialized society, constructive model for policy issues represents itself as a linear one. The linear model is reflected in four aspects ： first, single direction of force throughout the constructive process for policy is- sues ; second, isolation of subjects in constructing policy issues ; third, single value of policy issue construction; four, policy issue construction is fixed as a section in policy-stage theories. With the surge of complexity and uncertainty in the post-indus- trial society, the linear model for constructing policy issues has been deconstructed. The top-down decision-making process cannot accurately and faithfully construct policy issues; the highly complicated social problems raised questions against frag- mented administration; the single rationalism is confronted with challenges; policy-stage theories have been forced to disinte- grate. In line with the post-industrial society, the mechanism orientation of social administration should turn to service orien- tation, and the cooperative model of policy issue construction has been reckoned as more appropriate in the current situation.