论中世纪后期英国村庄自治成因及特点

On the Contributing Factors and Characters of the Autonomy of English Villages during the Late Medieval Ages

中世纪后期的英国村庄普遍实行自治。其成因主要为三点:农业耕作制度和土地占有方式,国王对地方管理的薄弱,以及共同的宗教信仰。在上述历史现实条件下形成的英国村庄自治又具有三个重要特点,即合作互助、"一致同意"原则和对村庄共同体权利的维护。

The autonomy of English villages was popular during the Late Medieval Ages.The three main contributing factors to that were the field system and forms of the peasants＇ holding,the weakness of the king＇s government to the locality,and the common religion.And the autonomy of English villages under those historical and practical conditions had three important characters： cooperation and help between each other,the principle of ＂common consent＂,and the defending common rights of the villages.