毛泽东社会主义教育思想的历史演进及其当代价值

On Historical Evolvement of Mao Zedong's Socialism Education Thought and Its Contemporary Value

1956年以前,毛泽东社会主义教育思想可以凝练为目标与旗帜的设定,这个目标是进入社会主义乃至共产主义。社会主义尚且作为理想蓝图、口号和旗帜来指引革命的前进方向,团结人民在党的领导下进行新民主主义革命和社会主义革命,其对于社会主义的理解尚处于对马克思主义科学社会主义基本原理的简单镜像阶段,缺乏结合中国具体实际的深入思考与探索。1956年"三大改造"完成即确立社会主义制度后,如何建设社会主义成为毛泽东社会主义教育的主要思考领域。然而,他晚年脱离实事求是思想路线,将如何搞阶级斗争视为"社教思想"的主要内容并犯下了严重错误,从根本上违背了社会主义教育的本质内涵。毛泽东的社会主义教育思想既有丰富的经验值得我们去借鉴和发展,同时也包含深刻的教训有待深入反思。

Before 1956,Mao Zedong＇s socialism education thought was embodied in establishing its goal and banner,centering on publicizing to the whole Party and national people the ultimate goal of Chinese revolution,i.e.realization of socialism and even communism.Socialism was taken as the ideal blueprint,slogan and banner to guide the heading of revolution,and the Party united people to conduct the new democratic revolution and socialist revolution under the leadership of the Party,whose understanding of socialism was at the simple image stage of the fundamental Marxism principles of scientific socialism,lacking of profound thought and exploration based on China＇s specific realities.After the completion of three major transformations in 1956,the socialist system was established.Thus,how to build socialism is the main content of Mao＇s education of socialism.However,Mao in his later years broke way from the ideological line of being practical and realistic,took class struggle as the main content of socialism education thought,and thus committed serious mistakes and fundamentally violated the essence of socialism education.Mao＇s socialism education thought has enriched experiences,deserving us to take its referential value and develop it,meanwhile it also contains profound lessons,which needs further reflections.