铁路改革必须重视相应产权关系的重构

Reconstruction of Corresponding Property Rights：A Must for the Railway Reform

对铁路产权关系的特殊性和复杂性的认识程度,在很大程度上决定着铁路改革的方向与进程,而从产权实物形态入手更有助于对该行业产权关系的深入了解。铁路产权关系的特殊性,具体可分为因相应时空尺度上运输产品完整性与企业经营边界矛盾所产生的内部财产共用性问题,和由于政企不分、政资不分体制所导致的外部不当控制问题。运营调度指挥是铁路产权关系中的重要内容,政府责任对铁路产权关系也有影响。铁路产权改革的方向是政企分开、政资分开以破除行政垄断,然后按照有利于降低交易费用的原则对铁路行业进行重组并建立相应的交易机制和补偿制度。

While the direction and procedure of the railway reform are mostly determined by how much can the particularity and the complexity of railway property rights be recognized and realized,it is easier and more helpful to look into such rights from the perspective of their substantial form.The particularity of the railway property rights system can be divided into two parts： the internal common property＇s sharing problem caused by the contradiction between the integrity of the transport products and the companies＇ operating boundary on the corresponding time-space scale;and the external inappropriate controlling problem caused by the government-corporation hybrid and government-capital asset hybrid nature of the railway administrative system.Dispatching control is the main content of the railway property rights system and the government＇s responsibility for the industry is also important.The direction of the reform is to separate firstly the government and the enterprise,and then the government and the capital assets with the purpose of breaking down the administrative monopoly.Then according to the principle of minimizing the transaction cost,the restructuring of the railway industry should be conducted and the corresponding trading mechanism and public transportation compensation system should also be established.