伸长细胞促进中枢神经元轴突再生的研究进展

Tanycytes promoting axonal regeneration in central nervous system

伸长细胞是中枢神经系统中一种主要位于第三脑室底部腹侧壁和正中隆起处室管膜上的特殊分化的胶质细胞,在脑屏障系统、脑-脑脊液神经体液回路和神经-免疫-内分泌网络中起重要作用。伸长细胞在成年后仍然保持未成熟胶质细胞的特征,并且参与成年哺乳动物下丘脑内自然发生的轴突再生过程。大量研究表明,伸长细胞能够促进中枢神经元受损轴突的再生,有望成为用于脊髓损伤修复移植的种子细胞。本文复习近年来有关伸长细胞促进神经再生的报道,对伸长细胞的起源、分布、特性及促进中枢神经再生的可能机制进行综述。

Tanycytes（TAs） are the specialized ependymal glia located mostly in the ventral lateral wall of the ventricle Ⅲ and median eminence of the central nervous system（CNS）,play an important role in the brain barrier system,brain-cerebrospinofluid neurohumoral circuit and neuroimmunoendocrine network.They maintain immature characters during the adulthood and have naturally conducted the axonal regeneration process in the adult hypothalamus of mammal animals.A series of studies have shown that tanycytes can support the regeneration of the lesion axons in CNS and become seed cells for transplanting into injured spinal cord.