明代沿海地区的风暴潮灾与国家应对机制

Storms and Tides in the Coastal Areas in the Ming Dynasty and National Coping Mechanism

沿海地区的风暴潮灾是明代主要的自然灾害之一。明代国家应对风暴潮灾的措施主要有赈济灾区,蠲免田租、税粮及盐课,修筑海塘堤堰,祭祀神灵等。明前期国家荒政的执行较为有力,但中后期则逐渐废弛。在明代防灾救灾的过程中,地方社会中的宗族与士绅力量起到了重大的作用。

Storms and tides in the coastal areas are the main natural calamities in the Ming Dynasty.Relieving the stricken area,exempting people from farm rent and taxes on rice and salt,building seawalls and dams,and sacrificing gods are the main measures to fight against the calamities.The execution of anti-calamity policies are quite effective in the early-Ming Dynasty,but ceases to be binding in the mid and late Ming Dynasty.The clans and gentry play an important role in the precautions against the calamities and the relief work.