日本近现代地震及其次生灾害的社会影响

Social impacts exerted by earthquakes and their secondary disasters in contemporary and modern Japan

灾害作用于人类社会后成为灾难,从而兼具了自然属性和社会属性.本文侧重灾害的社会属性,分析日本近现代地震灾害的社会影响趋势变迁,指出日本在不断总结灾害应对经验的基础上逐步完善了防灾减灾体制,其防灾减灾水平在不断提高,但是由于生活方式日益城市化,灾害越来越具有多样性、连锁性的特征.在日本,地震后的核安全不是新问题,但是由于缺乏前瞻性以致核危机扩大.日本的经验提醒面临社会急剧变迁的我们,防灾减灾需要考虑到社会变迁的前瞻性制度建设.

Hazards hitting human society are disasters,which have both natural and social attributes.Focusing on the social attributes of disasters,this paper analyses the changing trend of social impacts exerted by earthquakes in contemporary and modern Japan.Japanese have drawn lessons from past disasters and improved their disaster reduction system.However,increasing urbanization has resulted in growing diversity and successiveness of disasters.Nuclear safety is not a new problem in Japan.The lack of forward-looking perspective,however,does expand the nuclear crisis.We should learn the lessons from Japan and construct a strategic and forward-looking disaster reduction system.