不同游泳训练强度对脑缺血再灌注大鼠胶质纤维酸性蛋白及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子表达的影响

The effects of swimming on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and basic fibroblast growth factor after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion

目的探讨强化训练对脑缺血再灌注大鼠梗死周围区胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）表达的影响。方法成年健康年雄性Wistar大鼠286只，体重250～300g，清洁级，线栓法制作大脑中动脉缺血2h后再灌注3、7和14d大鼠模型，将造模成功的180只大鼠纳入研究，按随机数字表法分为运动训练Ⅰ组、运动训练Ⅱ组、运动训练Ⅲ组、运动训练Ⅳ组及对照组和假手术组，每组30只。运动训练Ⅰ组大鼠每天游泳1次，每次5min；运动训练Ⅱ组大鼠每天游泳2次，每次5min；运动训练Ⅲ组大鼠每天游泳1次，每次10min；运动训练Ⅳ组大鼠每天游泳2次，每次10rain；对照组和假手术组大鼠不做任何训练。应用Bederson评分评价动物的神经功能恢复情况，氯化三苯基四氮唑（TTC）染色观察脑梗死体积，免疫组织化学法检测梗死周围区GFAP和bFGF的表达。结果对照组大鼠各项指标与同一时间点假手术组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；造模后第7和14天，各运动训练组大鼠Bederson评分明显低于同一时间点的对照组（P〈0．05）；造模后3、7和14d，各运动训练组大鼠脑梗死体积、GFAP和bFGF阳性表达与同一时间点对照组比较，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；且运动训练Ⅳ组梗死灶体积减小、GFAP和bFGF阳性细胞表达增加较其它运动训练组更明显（P〈0．01）。结论运动训练可通过调节脑缺血再灌注后GFAP及bFGF的表达，促进神经细胞结构和功能重塑修复，且强化运动训练的效果更为显著。

Objective To explore the effects of different swimming training intensities on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） around a cerebral infarct. Methods The intraluminal thread method was applied to establish left middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） for 2 h in 180 rats. They were then reperfused for 3, 7 and 14 days. The rats were divided into four groups （ Ⅰ -Ⅳ ） according to the intensity of the swimming training they were required to do, plus a control group and a sham operation group. The rats in training group I swam 5 min, once daily; group 11 trained for 5 min twice daily; group Ill swam for 10 min once daily and group 1V trained for 10 min twice daily. Neurological function was evaluated using Bederson＇s test, the cerebral infarction volume was calculated by tripeny tetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. The expression of GFAP and bFGF around the infract were detected using immunohistochemistry. Results The average Bederson scores of the exercise training groups on the 7th and 14th days were significantly lower than that of the control group. The infarction volumes of each exercise training group were significantly lower than that of the controi group, and cells positive for GFAP and bFGF in all traininggroups were significantly more numerous on the 3th, 7th and 14th day after MCAO, especially in training group IV. Conclusion Intensive exercise can adjust the expression of GFAP and bFGF and promote the repair of brain damage after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.