不同猪种肉质相关基因Hal、RN和FTO的多态性研究

Research on Polymorphism of Hal,RN and FTO Genes Related to Meat Quality in Different Pig Breeds

为了明确肉质相关基因氟烷基因(Hal)、酸肉基因(RN)和脂肪肥胖相关基因(FTO)在国内外不同猪种群体间的遗传变异特性,本研究以大约克、长白、杜洛克和金华猪等猪种群体为研究对象,应用PCR-RFLP技术分别检测了Hal、RN和FTO基因的多态性,并分析了FTO基因上2个多态位点g.276G>T和c.594C>G的遗传变异情况。结果表明:(1)在杜洛克猪中发现了Hal的基因型Hal NHal n,其频率为0.166,但未发现基因型Hal n Hal n,其它猪种群体中仅检测到了基因型Hal NHal N;(2)在已检测的所有猪种群体中只检测到RN基因的rn/rn基因型,未发现rn/RN和RN/RN基因型;(3)在FTO的g.276G>T位点上,金华猪呈现单态,其它猪种群体均呈现多态。在FTO的c.594C>G位点上,4个猪种群体均呈现多态,3个外来猪种群体均以CC基因型频率较高,而金华猪则以GG基因型频率较高。研究结果提示,由于Hal基因在养猪生产中的利弊双重性,因此在某些猪种群体中仍然存在较高频率的Hal NHal n基因型。此外,结合FTO基因的生理功能和已有的研究结果,可在特定的猪群中将其作为影响猪肉质性状的候选基因。本研究发现FTO的基因型分布在我国优良地方猪种金华猪与国外3个种猪群间存在较大差异,为深入研究不同品种猪的肉质形成机理提供了基础数据。

To investigate the genetic variability of Hal,RN and FTO genes related to meat quality among foreign and Chinese pig breeds,the polymorphism of these genes in four pig breeds including Duroc,Landrace,Large Yorkshire and Jinhua pig were detected by PCR-RFLP,respectively.The genetic variation of g.276GT and c.594CG in FTO gene were analyzed.The results showed as follows：（1） For Hal gene,HalNHaln genotype was detected and its frequency was 0.166,but no HalnHaln genotype was detected in Duroc pig.Only HalNHalN genotype was found in Landrace,Large Yorkshire and Jinhua pig.（2） For RN gene,only rn/rn genotype was detected in four pig breeds.（3） At g.276GT site in FTO gene,three breeds including Duroc,Landrace and Large Yorkshire pig had polymorphism,but Jinhua pig had no polymorphism.At c.594CG site in FTO gene,all the breeds had polymorphism.However,higher CC genotype frequency was found in Duroc,Landrace and Large Yorkshire pig,but in Jinhua pig GG genotype frequency was higher.These results indicate that higher frequency of HalNHaln genotype has existed in some pig breeds because Hal gene show benefits and defects for pig production.Moreover,FTO gene could be regarded as a candidate gene affecting meat quality in special pig populations according to its known functions and the previous reports.This result show that the genotypes of FTO are very significantly different between the foreign breeds and Chinese indigenous breeds,which provide some data for further study on the molecular mechanism of meat quality of different pig breeds.