4周低氧运动结合饮食控制对肥胖青年体重、血脂及胰岛素抵抗的影响

Effects of 4-Week Hypoxic Exercise Combined with Diet on Body Weight,Blood Lipid and Insulin Resistance of Obese Adults

目的：观察4周低氧运动干预结合饮食控制对肥胖青年的减肥效果和血脂、胰岛素抵抗等指标的变化。方法：18名肥胖成年人,分为低氧组11人,常氧组7人,进行为期4周的减肥训练,每周训练6天。低氧组每周进行3次低氧训练,隔天1次,其它为常氧训练,与常氧组相同。低氧训练环境为模拟海拔高度2500~2800米。按极轻体力劳动者的能量需求和营养均衡为原则制定食谱。采用人体三维扫描系统和人体成分分析仪分别于实验前后测试腰围、体重、体脂,采用生化法检测血糖、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）,采用免疫抑制比浊法检测血清糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）,采用放免法检测血清胰岛素,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果：4周训练后低氧组体重、腰围、BMI、体脂及体脂百分比与实验前相比均呈显著下降,分别减少了7.27%、6.80%、7.62%、18.84%和13.5%;TC、TG、LDL-C、HbA1c、HOMA-IR与实验前相比也均显著下降,分别降低了9.86%、33.57%、17.2%、6.60%和55.05%;HDL-C与实验前相比升高约5.71%。常氧组体重、腰围、BMI、体脂及体脂百分比与实验前相比均呈显著性下降,分别减少了4.18%、7.77%、4.26%、10.86%和6.79%;TC、TG、LDL-C、HbA1c、HOMA-IR与实验前相比也均显著下降,分别降低了17.8%、50.45%、22.54%、18.50%和59.04%;HDL-C与实验前相比升高约3.33%。将两组各指标训练前后的变化量（△值）进行独立样本t检验发现,低氧组体重和BMI的下降量显著性大于常氧组（P〈0.01）。结论：与常氧运动相比,4周低氧运动明显降低了肥胖青年体重和BMI。4周低氧运动和常氧运动均能降低肥胖青年糖化血红蛋白和胰岛素抵抗等II型糖尿病危险因素,降低患病风险。

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 4-week training under the hypoxic condition combining with diet on the body weight,blood lipid and insulin resistance in obese adults.Methods Eighteen obese adults were divided into hypoxic group（11 subjects） and normoxic group（7 subjects）.Both groups underwent 4-week training（6 days/week）.The simulated hypoxic condition equaled to 2500~2800 m above sea level.The hypoxic group trained under hypoxic condition 3 times per week and under normoxic condition in the remaining days.The diet given to the subjects was formulated according to the energy requirement for the persons with lightest physical activity.Body weight（BW）,waist circumference（WC）,body fat（BF） and BF percentage（BF%） were measured and calculated.Blood glucose,total cholesterol（TC）,triglyceride（TG）,HDL-C,LDL-C,and serum HbA1c were also measured.Results BW,WC,BMI,BF,and BF%,in both normoxic group（4.18%,7.77%,4.26%,10.86% and 6.79%,respectively） and hypoxic group（7.28%,6.8%,10.51%,18.84% and 13.5%,respectively） significantly decreased.TC,TG,LDL-C,HbA1c,and HOMA-IR were significant decreased in normoxic group（17.8%,50.45%,22.54%,18.50% and 59.04%,respectively） and hypoxic group（9.86%,33.57%,17.2%,6.60% and 55.05%,respectively）.HDL-C slightly elevated by 5.71% comparing to the baseline.Independent-samples t test showed that BW and BMI of hypoxic group decreased more significantly than that of normoxic group.Conclusion（1）The decrease of BW and BMI in hypoxic group was significantly greater than that in normoxic group.（2）Both hypoxic and normoxic exercises could attenuate HbA1c and HOMA-IR of the obese,and thus reduce the risk of T2DM.