不同的跑步运动模式对T-2毒素诱导的大鼠关节软骨损伤的影响

The impact of jogging mode on T-2 toxin-induced articular carthage injury in rats

目的了解在关节软骨损伤的情况下，不同的跑步运动模式对关节软骨的影响，以评价运动在骨关节病发生发展中的作用。方法100只Wistar大鼠，按体质量随机分为5组：阴性对照组（笼内自由活动），阳性对照组（笼内自由活动），高规组（规律运动，跑台速度24m／min），低规组（规律运动，跑台速度12m／min）和随机组（不规律运动，跑台速度12、24m／min）。阴性对照组食用正常饲料，其他各组均食用经T-2毒素染毒的饲料．实验5～10周．进行关节软骨的组织病理观察和血清软骨寡聚基质蛋白（COMP）的检测。结果各实验组大鼠关节软骨病变明显，表现为软骨细胞变性、坏死，细胞核固缩、深染，细胞排列紊乱，细胞增生，基质胶原显现。与阳性对照组相比，运动组大鼠软骨表层细胞变性、坏死和缺失比较明显。不同运动组间比较可见，高规组软骨损伤最为严重，表层及中间层病变明显，表现为大面积软骨细胞坏死、缺失和基质胶原显现；随机组病变以软骨细胞变性、极性消失、排列紊乱以及细胞增生为主。随着实验周期的延长，各组大鼠软骨损害有加重的趋势。5周时，大鼠血清COMP水平组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=15．733，P〈0．05）。高规组、低规组、随机组COMP水平[（13．95±1．23）、（14．96±1．29）、（12．99±1．43）ug／L]均高于阴性对照组[（11．55±0．89）ug／L，P均〈0．05]，高规组、低规组高于阳性对照组[（12．32±1.38）ug／L，P均〈0．05]，低规组高于高规组（P〈0．05）；10周时，各组大鼠血清COMP变化趋势与5周时相同，组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=6．144，P〈0．05）。其中高规组、低规组、随机组[（13．72±2．67）、（14．94±1．06）、（13．21±1．58）ug／L]高于阴性对照组[（10．59±1．93）ug／1，P均〈0．05]，低规组高于阳性对照组[（11．45±0．12）ug／L，P均〈0．05]，但不同强度跑步组间比较。差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。结论高强度规律跑步与不规律跑步运动都可以加重关节软骨损伤，而低强度规律跑步运动对关节软骨损伤的影响作用不显著。

Objective To study the impact of jogging mode on T-2 toxin-induced articular cartilage injury in rats, and to evaluate the role of movement in the development of bone and joint disease. Methods A hundred Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups： negative control group（free activities in the cage）, positive control group（free activities in the cage）, high-regulation group（regular exercise, the treadmill speed of 24 m/min）, low- regulation group （regular exercise, the treadmill speed of 12 m/min） and the random group （random exercise, the treadmill speed of 12 or 24 m/min）. The negative control group was fed on commercial grain fodder and other groups were fed on grain fodder contaminated with T-2 toxin. At the end of 5,10 weeks,the histopathological changes of hyaline cartilage were detected by optical microscope, and the level of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein （COMP） was determined. Results Articular cartilage lesions in each experimental group was evident, presented as cartilage cell degeneration, necrosis, karyopyknosis deeply stained, cells arranged in disorder and cell proliferation, articular dryness, and so on. Compared with the positive control group, the cartilage surface cells of rats in the movement groups showed degeneration, necrosis and loss of cells obvionsly. The injury in high-regulation group was the most serious than that in other movement groups, with the surface and the middle layer lesions, and a large area of cartilage necrosis, and loss of matrix collagen; cartilage degeneration, polarity disappeared, cell proliferation-based disorder showed in random group. The pathological changes of rat articular cartilage damage worsened with the extension of experimental period. The serum levels of COMP at week 5 in experimental groups were higher than that of both the negative control group and the positive control group, and the difference was statistically significant （F = 15.733, P 〈 0.05）; compared with negative control group [ （11.55 ± 0.89）ug/L], the COMP levels in high-regulation group, low-regulation group, random group[ （13.95 ± 1.23）, （14.96 ± 1.29）, （ 12.99 ± 1.43 ）ug/L] were significantly higher（all P 〈 0.05）; compared with the positive control group [ （12.32 ± 1.38） ug/L], the COMP levels in high-regulation group and low-regulation group were significantly higher（all P 〈 0.05） ; and compared between the exercise groups, the COMP levels in low-regulation group were higher than that of random group（P 〈 0.05 ）. At week 10, the changes were in the same trend as that of week 5, and the difference between groups was statistically significant （F = 6.144, P 〈 0.05） ; and compared with the negative control group [（10.59 ± 1.93）ug/L], the COMP levels in high-regulation group, low-regulation group, random group [（13.72 ± 2.67）, （14.94 ± 1.06）, （13.21 ± 1.58）ug/L] were significantly higher（all P〈 0.05）; compared with the positive control group [ （11.45 ± 0.12）ug/L], the COMP levels in low-regulation group were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05）; but compared with the exercise groups, the difference were not statistically significant （all P〉 0.05）. Conclusions High-intensity regular running and irregular intensity running can increase the articular cartilage damage, and injury of articular cartilage by low-intensity treadmill exercise is not significant.