静脉体区及其连接结构的造影研究

Angiographic investigation on venosomes and their anastomosis

目的探索简便易行的静脉造影的方法并分析其造影机制。方法 SD大鼠40只,随机分为A、B两组,每组20只,再随机分成4组(a～d),每组5只。A组通过颈内静脉和尾静脉同时分别灌注不同浓度的造影剂;B组通过颈总动脉分别灌注不同浓度的造影剂。A、B两组同时造影并配合电脑图像处理技术,观测静脉显影情况。新西兰大白兔4只,肝素抗凝处理后取皮,直接经皮静脉灌注造影剂,探讨静脉造影的机制。结果 A组中明胶浓度为7%的Ac组大鼠全身静脉显影清晰,可清楚地显示静脉的走行及其分布情况;B组中明胶浓度为2%的Bb组大鼠全身动、静脉同时显影,可清晰地显示动、静脉的伴行及其相互之间的连接关系。在压力和灌注量都足够的情况下,造影剂可充填兔皮内主干静脉及其大的交通支。结论本方法既可以直接通过静脉灌注进行全身静脉造影,又可通过动静脉联合造影同时显示动脉与静脉。静脉造影既需要"瓣膜失效",也需要"迷宫式回流"。

Objective To investigate the method and mechanism of the venous angiography. Methods Forty SD rats were divided into two groups （A, B）, 20 rats for each. Each group then was divided into 4 subgroups （a, b, c, and d）. In group A, the rats were perfused with a contrast medium of various concentrations simultaneously through jugular vein and tail vein, whereas the rats in group B were perfused with a contrast medium of various concentrations through the carotid artery. All the rats in both groups underwent radiography simultaneously. The images obtained were processed with Photoshop CS4 to analyze the effects of venography. Skins of 4 New Zealand rabbits underwent radiography after perfusion with the contrast medium to investigate the mechanism of the venous drainage. Results The course and branches of a vein were clearly demonstrated in subgroup Ac, whose venography was achieved with 7% gelatin as the solvent. The accompaniment of the vein and the artery, and their relationship were clearly demonstrated in subgroup Bb, whose systematic arteriography and venography were achieved with 2% gelatin as the solvent. With sufficient pressure and perfusate amount, the main trunks and the communicating branches with a large-diameter in skins of the rabbits were clearly observed. Conclusion Not only the venous perfusion can be performed alone to achieve venography, but also the arterial and venous perfusion be performed at the same time to achieve excellent arteriography and venography simultaneously. To accomplish high-quality venography, the ＂bypass route＂ and ＂incompetent valves route＂ are all indispensable.