肌肉骨骼疾患问卷的信度与效度评价

The assessment of reliability and validity of musculoskeletal questionnaire

目的评价肌肉骨骼疾患问卷的信度和效度。方法应用改良的肌肉骨骼疾患问卷对煤炭、石油、冶金、机械制造、化工、服装、铁路运输和教育8个行业的12098名作业人员进行调查。采用Cronbach’s α系数、因子分析、协方差分析、多元logistic回归等方法评价问卷的信度和效度。结果内部一致性信度分析：各维度的Cronbach’s α系数范围为0．52～0．92，除振动因素外，其余的Cronbach’s α均〉0．7。效度分析：结构效度，因子分析提取10个公因子，累积方差贡献55．17％，归纳为7个维度，分别是用力负荷、动态负荷、静态负荷、重复性负荷、气候因素、振动和环境工效学因素，与理论模型基本一致。区分效度：协方差分析结果显示不同职业的7个维度得分的差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）；预测效度：多元logistic回归分析显示，腰部、颈肩部疾患与诸多维度明显相关。结论改良的肌肉骨骼疾患问卷是一个较可靠、有效的测量工具。

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of musculoskeletal questionnaire. Methods A self-administered modified musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to investigate 12 098 workers from eight occupations, i.e. coal mining, petroleum, metallurgical, mechanical manufacturing, chemical, garment and railroad transportation industries and education. The Cronbach＇ s o~ coefficient, analysis of covariance and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the reliability and validity of musculoskelctal questionnaire. Results The consistent test between total items of Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and each factor showed that the range of Cronbach＇ s c~ was 0.52N0.92, except from vibration factor, other Cronbach＇ s c~ was more than 0.7. All 55 items of Musculoskeletal Questionnaire were subjected to factor analysis, and ten latent factors were identified, which explained 55.17% of the total variance. The potentially hazardous working conditions could be categorized into seven dimensions （force, dynamic load, static load, repetitive load, climate factors, vibration exposure and environmental ergonomic factor）, which consisted with the theory model. The results of covariance analysis indicated that there were significant difference among 7 dimension indices in different jobs （P〈0.01）. Conclusion The modified Musculoskeletal Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring musculoskeletal workload.