从辽宁省玉米品种试验谈品种选育与推广

Discriminate of Maize Varieties Test in Liaoning Province and Feedback to Breeding

分析了2005年以来辽宁省玉米品种试验。得出如下结论:适当缩短品种生育期可以充分利用自然条件,从而有利于产量的提高;产量随着密度的增加而增加,试验密度范围内以57 000株～60 000株/hm2产量为高;参试组合的整体质量不高,反映出优异的育种基础材料匮乏;多抗性和稳产性至关重要,是优良品种得以大面积推广的基础。提出如下建议:(1)继续调整育种目标。由高秆大穗向中矮秆中大穗转变、由稀植向密植转变、由晚熟向中熟、中晚熟转变,由机械化程度不高向全程机械化转变。(2)努力从源头开始积累熟期较短且耐密植的基础材料。(3)提高对品种多抗性及稳产性的认识。

The maize varieties experiments in Liaoning Province from 2005 were analyzed.The conclusions showed that maize yield would be improved by taking full advantage of natural conditions since the growth period of maize varieties was shorten;Maize yield was improving as the density increases,the highest yield was found in the treatment which density was 57 000~60 000 plants per hectare.Low overall quality of tested varieties showed the lack of superior breeding materials basis;More resistance and yield stability were the basis of varieties for large-scale extension.The suggestions were as follows：（1） To adjust breeding objective,which stem changed from tall to medium or short,ear from big to medium or medium-big,planting density from sparse to close,mature period from late to medium or medium-late,mechanization from low to high.（2） To make great effort to the accumulation of basic materials which mature period were short and planting density was close.（3） To improve the awareness of resistance of varieties and yield stability.