老年人失牙的相关因素研究

Epidemiological research on factors related to tooth loss of aged population

目的:探讨老年人失牙与各种相关因素的关系,对老年人的口腔预防保健工作提供依据。方法:对808位76～92岁离退休老年人进行口腔健康状况检查以及口腔健康行为认知和全身性疾病的问卷调查,通过单因素分析引起老年人失牙的相关因素。结果:老年人失牙率为90.83%,失牙数随年龄增长而增加。老年人口腔健康行为认知度较低,在"人老掉牙是必然的"、"正确的刷牙方法"和"是否定期做口腔检查"3个问题中,认知正确组与不正确组失牙数之间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。患有糖尿病、冠心病、高血压组失牙数显著高于正常组(P<0.05)。结论:老年人失牙率高并且口腔健康知晓率普遍偏低。口腔健康知识薄弱、患有糖尿病、高血压、冠心病的老年人是口腔健康的重点防治人群,应加强这一特殊群体的口腔健康服务。

AIM： This research investigated the relationship between tooth loss and oral disease or health- care. METHODS： Eight hundreds and eight retired elderly people were asked to have an oral examination by dentists and to fill in a questionnaire about oral health knowledge and systemic diseases. The risk factors of tooth loss were ana- lyzed through Chi-square Test. RESULTS： There was a 90.83% tooth loss rate in the elderly and the situation of tooth loss got worse with the increase of age. Awareness of oral health in the elderly seemed far less than satisfactory. People who had higher degree of correct oral care knowledge showed significantly lower tooth loss as compared with those who had lower degree of oral care knowledge （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The number of tooth loss was higher in persons with di- abetes, coronary heart disease and hypertension （P 〈 0.05 ）. CONCLUSION ： Elderly people had high rate of tooth loss and were lack of oral health knowledge. People with diabetes, hypertension, coronary disease and negligence of o- ral care were the main targets of oral health prevention measures. Effective oral health education and necessary guid- ance to proper behavioral habits were ill urgent need.