补体系统分子在生物发育过程中的作用

Rolls of complement components in the biological development

补体系统在机体免疫中发挥着重要作用,同时也参与细胞调控,进而影响一些重要的生物发育过程。在生殖过程中,补体调节因子的特异性表达能够抑制补体自发激活从而避免引起配子损伤,补体还参与了早期的精卵结合并为胚胎发育提供营养。补体可以促进软骨细胞和造骨细胞的分化增殖,并通过调控细胞间相互作用而参与脉管发生和血管重组,而且一些补体在中枢神经和视觉系统发育中也具有重要作用。补体系统因子还参与了机体的再生过程,在四肢再生过程中补体能够促进成肌细胞的分化和肌肉重组。补体系统适度激活后通过活化片段及其受体识别途径来参与肝脏再生。本文仅就补体在生殖、发育和再生等生物学过程中的作用进行综述,旨在为全面理解补体系统的功能提供资料。

Complement system plays key roles in host defense, and also participates in the cellular modulation, thus is critical to biological development. In the procedure of reproduction, the specific expression of complement regulators prevents the inappropriate complement activation that might induce gamete damage. Moreover, complement components mediate the fusion of sperm and oocyte, and provide nutrients for early embryonic development. Complement proteins promote the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts, mediate the hematopoiesis and vascular remodeling by influencing the interaction of cells, and contribute to the development of central neuronal system and visual system. Furthermore, complement components modulate the regeneration process, they can induce the sarcoblast differentiation and muscle development. After appropriate activation, complement can modulate the liver regeneration through the pathway of active products and their receptors. This paper reviews the role of complement components in biologic procedure of reproduction, development, and regeneration, with the objective to provide information to further understand the function of complement system.