榆木蠹蛾生物学特性观察

Observations of the biological characteristics of Holcocerus vicarius Walker

结合田间观察和室内试验,对榆木蠹蛾Holcocerus vicarius Walker的生物学特性进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明,榆木蠹蛾在宁夏3年发生1代,幼虫主要危害枝干和根颈部,幼虫在蛀道内越冬,5月下旬老熟幼虫在被害树周围5～10 cm深的沙土内分散化蛹,蛹期(21±5)d。6月初成虫开始出现,有2个羽化高峰,分别为6月中旬和7月下旬,成虫羽化当晚即可交尾,交尾当天或第2天产卵,每雌蛾产卵最多达720粒,卵期(17±5)d,孵化率为72%～88%。未交尾雌雄成虫寿命为5～6 d,交尾后雌雄成虫寿命缩短为3～5 d。初孵幼虫于6月中旬始见,10月下旬幼虫开始越冬。幼虫孵化后,先危害韧皮部,常10多条聚集在一起,稍大一点即蛀入木质部。本研究为制定切实可行的榆木蠹蛾有效防治提供理论依据。

The biological characteristics of the carpenter moth, Holcocerus vicarius Walker were investigated by observation and experiment in the field and laboratory. The results show that H. vicarius aduhs had one generation in three years in Ningxia. The larvae cause damage primary to stems and roots, and overwinter in tunnels which were damaged by worms. The mature larvae pupate in sandy soil at a depth of 5 to 10 cm around damaged trees in late May. The pupal period is （21 ± 5） d. Adults emerged on the first of June with two peaks of eclosion, the first in mid June and the second in late July. Mating activity started the 1st night after eclosion and oviposition occurred on the day of mating or the following after. Every female laid up to 720 eggs and the egg stage lasted （ 17 ± 5） days. The hatch rate was 72% to 88%. The longevity of unmated adults was 5 - 6 days whereas those that mated lived for 3 - 5 d. Larvae hatched in mid June and overwintered in late October. The larvae damage the phloem first, then bore through the xylem. Groups of more than 10 larvae aggregate after hatching. These results provide both a practical and theoretical basis for the prevention and control of H. vicarius.