夏乐《大夏》与《九夏》论考

Textual Research onthe Great Xia Dynasty and the Nine Songs of the Xia Dynasty

《大夏》、《九夏》是夏代最重要的乐歌,它们不仅名称不同,内容更有质的区别。《大夏》是为了歌颂大禹功德而编制的大型乐舞,《九夏》则是周人挑选夏人遗留下来的乐歌而重新编定、命名的一组综合性乐歌。《大夏》、《九夏》原本都是诗、乐、舞三位一体的,它们产生的基础是诗歌,然后加以配乐、编舞。至周代,《大夏》仍然是周人最重要的乐舞之一,其歌诗内容不详;《九夏》诸乐曲还用于周人的各种礼事活动当中,而其歌诗也渐渐退至幕后,乐曲则成了周礼的一个重要组成部分,大部分乐歌成了用于节制步伐的礼乐。

The Great Xia Dynasty and the Nine Songs of the Xia Dynasty are the most important music in the Xia dynasty,which are not only with different names,but have qualitative differences in content.The Great Xia Dynasty is a large dance that praises merits of the King of Yu.The Nine Songs of the Xia Dynasty is a set of comprehensive songs elected from songs of the Xia dynasty by people of the Zhou dynasty.Both consist of poem,music and dance,originate from poetry and then the background music and dance are added.In the Zhou dynasty,the Great Xia Dynasty was one of the most important songs and dances,but its content is unknown.The Nine Songs of the Xia Dynasty was used in rite activities,but the songs and poems were gradually abandoned,while the music became an important part of rite music and most songs are used to moderate the step.