城市轨道交通车轮振动声辐射特性

Sound Radiation Characteristics of Wheels Used in Urban Rail Traffic

轮轨噪声是城市轨道交通噪声的主要组成部分,而车轮振动声辐射是轮轨噪声的主要声源之一。目前使用的城市轨道交通车轮有多种型式,系统性地比较各种车轮的振动声辐射特性,研究不同参数对车轮振动声辐射的影响。通过数值方法,对五种城市轨道交通车轮的辐射声功率,进行详细比较分析。结果表明,在轮轨等效粗糙度名义滚动圆接触点径向激励下,适当增大辐板厚度和减小车轮的直径,对降低车轮振动声辐射均有积极作用;斜曲型辐板和双S型辐板车轮的振动声辐射水平相当,而直型辐板车轮的振动声辐射水平最低,相比其他两种类型辐板车轮,其总辐射声功率级小8 dB左右。相关计算结果将为城市轨道交通低噪声车轮的设计和选型提供理论参考。

The wheel/rail noise is the main component of the urban rail traffic noise.And the sound radiation of the wheel is one of the most important sources of wheel/rail noise.The wheels used currently in urban rail traffic have varieties of types.The sound radiation of various types of the wheels is systematically compared in this paper,and the effect of different parameters on sound and vibration is analyzed.In the numerical simulation,also sound power levels of five types of the wheels are compared in detail.As the results,under the radial wheel/rail equivalent roughness excitation at the nominal contact position,increasing the thickness of web or decreasing the radius has a positive effect on reduction of acoustic radiation of wheel vibration.The levels of acoustic radiation and vibration of the wheels with curved web and doubled-S web are close.Compared to the wheels with the other two kinds of webs,the level of sound radiation and vibration of the wheel with straight web is the lowest,the sound power level of which is about 8dB smaller than that of the wheels with curved web and doubled-S web.The related calculation results will provide theoretical reference to the low noise design and the choice of the type of the wheel.