中国大学“去行政化”改革的制度困境及其破解

Debureaucratization of China’s Universities:Predicament and the Way Forward

任何政策变迁都受制于三个基本因素:环境、行动者和制度。中国大学"去行政化"实质上就是行动者在一定环境制约下改变旧制度、创造新制度的过程。中国大学组织的"行政化"表现出极大的惰性,主要源自三个方面:宏观制度背景制约了中国大学的办学自主权的落实与扩大;行动者认知方式制约塑造大学行动者的世界观,使他们陷于了"行政化"的思维定势之中;制度的累积效应把中国大学锁定于"行政化"的路径依赖之中。破解大学"行政化"应采取四个方面的措施:深化社会管理改革,为大学办学自主权的落实营造良好的外部环境;建立利益相关者协商机制,推动大学当局转换认知方式;尊重大学组织特性,强化学术人员在大学治理中的作用;培育关键的样板组织,推动"去行政化"的制度扩散。

Since every institutional change is subject to three constraints,namely,the environment,agent and institution,debureaucratization of China’s universities is simply a process where the actors try to transform the old institution or create a new one under the constraint of certain environment.Bureaucratization within China’s universities often leads to institutional inertia and that is because of three reasons: firstly,macro institutional contexts in China actually inhibit the realization and expansion of university autonomy;secondly,the outlook of those agents has been largely molded by the bureaucratic mindset;thirdly,due to accumulative effects of bureaucratization,the development of China’s universities almost cannot escape from its path dependence.Under such circumstances,four measures need to be taken to debureaucratize China’s universities: firstly,deepening governance reform so as to create a favorable external environment for realizing university autonomy;secondly,establishing stakeholder dialogue mechanisms so as to change the mindset of school authorities;thirdly,strengthening the faculty’s role in university governance;fourthly,setting up'model organizations' to spread the ideas of debureaucratization.